■make sure的基本意思与用法
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(English•Chinese)(Forth Edition) (光盘版)认为make sure有两个意思:
1. to find out if something is true or to check that something has been done. 弄清楚,查明
2. to do sth so that you can be certain of the result.
make sure的这两个意思,其后都可以接that从句,但对于that从句中的谓语动词的时态有两种看法:
▲that从句中的谓语动词用一般时代替将来时,用将来时是错误的
持这种观点的大都是中国人编著的工具书,英美人编著的工具书没有明确表示“用将来时是错误的”。其中有:
(1) 吴瑾瑾《实用英语正误词典》(山东友谊出版社 2002年8月第1版)P1535:
你要确保带上所有的工具。
【误】Make sure that you will bring all the tools with you.
【正】Make sure that you bring all the tools with you.
【说明】make sure表示“使确保”,通常用于祈使句中,其宾语从句中的谓语动词要使用现在时,而不用将来时。
(2) 曹焰主编的《英语正误用法指南》(商务印书馆2005年10月第1版)P1191:
W: Make sure you will get here at six.
R: Make sure you get here at six.
sure 常与make搭配,用于祈使句,表示“确实”,“一定”,所跟从句常用一般现在时,而不用一般将来时。
▲that从句习惯用一般时代替将来时,但这并不绝对,有时也可以用将来时
持这种观点的工具书有:
(1) 周国珍主编《英语正误详解词典》(复旦大学出版社 2000年10月第一版)P1438:
make sure (that) 务必;务请:
Please make sure that there will be enough light and heat.
(2) 王福祯主编《英语常见错误词典》(四川辞书出版社2005年5月第1版)P371:
I made sure he would be here.
Please make sure that there will be enough light and heat.
(3) 席玉虎主编《英语常用词用法详解大词典》(L-Z)(商务印书馆国际有限公司 2007年6月北京第1版) p3047:
I made sure he would be here.
(4) Morton Benson & Evelyn Benson & Robert Ilson 著的Longman Dictionary of English Collocations 《朗文实用英语词语搭配词典》(英汉双解)(译文出版社 1996年6月第1版) P1116:
Please make sure that there will be enough light and heat.
(5) BNC 语料库例句:
... to make sure that it will appertain to each individual property ...
(6) COCA语料库例句:
2012 Our responsibility is to make sure that children will be protected, ...
■make sure 的其他意思与用法
也有人认为make sure 还有另外的意思,此时that从句中可以用将来时态。例如:
▲张柏然主编《新时代英汉大词典》(商务印书馆 2004年4月第1版) P2367:
……[用过去时态](常指错误地)确信:
I made sure he would help me, but I was disappointed.
▲邢志远主编《英汉惯用语大词典》(新世界出版社 1996年第一版)P1482:
……深信;自以为确定;自以为可靠:
He makes sure that he will come out first.
在make sure(弄清楚)以及make certain(弄清楚)后接that从句时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时表示将来意义(而不直接使用一般将来时)。如:
Make sure you come back soon. 你要保证快点回来。
Make sure you sign and date it at the bottom. 一定要在底下签名和写上日期。
Make certain that you do not spill your coffee. 注意不要洒泼了咖啡。
Make certain that you lock the door if you go out. 你出门时要记住把门锁好。
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