1. It is essential that he should be thwarted in this ambition and disabused of any idea he may have that the West would tolerate it.
2. It is important that even people suffering such extreme shyness should know that they can address their problem.
3. It is not necessary that they should hold an office, and yet that is the popular idea.
4. The central bank is glad that the surge in capital spending has been there to support the economy, but it is anxious that things should not get out of hand.
5. Since Elian's mother had risked everything on that hazardous journey across the Florida Straits, it was surely her wish that her son should become an American.
我觉得以上五句中的 should 都不是表示“应该”,而是一种虚拟语气。请问是一种怎样的虚拟语气呢?翻译时应该如何处理?
▲根据《牛津英语用法指南》(第二版):在正式的英国英语中,表示动作重要性的形容词和名词 (如important, necessary, vital, essential, eager, anxious, concerned, wish),其后面的that从句可以用should。——这类虚拟语气中的 should根据具体的语境可以翻译成“应该”,也可以翻译成“会”“要”“应”等,也可以不翻译。如:
It’s essential that she should be told immediately. 必须立即告诉她。
It is essential that every child (should) have the same educational opportunities. 每个孩子都应有同等受教育的机会,这是非常必要的。
It is important that he should not do it. 他不做那事是有必要的。
It is important that we (should) help each other. 我们要互相帮助,这是很重要的。
It is important that we should be fair with one another. 我们相互之间应该公平对待,这一点很重要。
It’s necessary that he should buy a computer. 他有必要买台电脑。
It’s necessary that we should ask for her advice. 我们有必要去征求一下她的意见。
She was anxious that her son should succeed. 她非常希望她儿子会成功。
We are anxious that he should go at once. 我们急于要他马上去。
They were anxious that aid should be sent promptly. 他们盼望援助物品迅速送到。
We are anxious that he shall be given a chance to try it out. 我们热切希望能给他机会试一试。
It is his wish that the money should be given to charity. 把钱捐给慈善事业是他的心愿。
▲但是,在现代英语中,这类虚拟语气并非强制性的,有时也可直接用陈述语气。如:
It is important that historians are not partial. 历史学家不能有所偏倚,这一点是很重要的。
It’s essential that the oil is checked every 10 000 km. 每跑10 000公里就必须要检查一下机油。