During my first visit to Italy, I struggled
to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to string
a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and praised my language
skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language barrier. After
I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are.
Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me
to close the window in my car when
rain is coming. It’s these small acts of kindness that make a new country feel
like home.
上面是 2024 年新高考全国卷2完形填空中的一段话。
这里用 the window in my car 来表示“车窗”,为什么不用介词 of 呢?比如 the window of my car。
使用哪个介词或表达可能涉及到“怎么看”(识解)的问题。
1)使用in,是关注到空间位置关系,window in my car类似于cupboard in the wall,有“嵌入”的意象——虽然与“典型”的位于内部的情形有些许差异,但依然属于in的范畴。
2)使用of,则是明示领属关系,看到of就会浮现my car has a window的内容。
3)使用car window,则是未对领属关系加以明示,其构造方式是整体名词+部分名词。许多合成词都遵循着这种构造方式,例如door knob、fingertip、toilet seat等。
上面三种表达的使用频率为my car window > the window of my car > the window in my car。
总体而言,window in my car的使用频率小于window of my car,可能是考虑到window是车的构成部分,具有较强的内在关联,所以of的接受度更高(关于of表示内在关联的内容可参考Grammar and Conceptualization p74-75)。
个人见解,仅供参考。
附频率对比图:
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