一、前面网友提到了存在句的非限定形式的选用问题。如果从动名词和不定式作主语或表语的角度出发,可能会考虑它们具体表示的是习惯性的还是特定性的动作或状态。其次,也可能会考虑动名词和不定式具体能与哪些词来搭配的问题。但是,从实例来看,似乎动名词和不定式都可以表示习惯性的或特定性的动作或状态。
这里有个问题就是:除了和某些词的习惯搭配外,从逻辑上,there being和for there to be都可以作主语或表语时,该如何辨别使用?
二、以网友的问题为例:
1. There being a swimming pool in our school is what we expect.
2. For there to be a swimming pool in our school is what we expect.
试比较:
3. What we expect is there being a swimming pool in our school.
4. What we expect is for there to be a swimming pool in our school.
分别对比第1,2句,第3,4句,内在含义上是否存在异同?
感谢各位老师,辛苦了。
一、根据所查到的例句和张克礼《新英语语法》的相关说明,下面两句都对,意思也差不多,不同的只是结构(有for时用there to be;没有for时用there being):
1. There being a swimming pool in our school is what we expect.
2. For there to be a swimming pool in our school is what we expect.
二、用作主语补语(表语)时,根据张克礼《新英语语法》的相关说明,只能用for there to be:
误:What we expect is there being a swimming pool in our school.
正:What we expect is for there to be a swimming pool in our school.
附张克礼《新英语语法》的相关截图:
【一】There being a swimming pool in our school is what we expect.【动名词复合结构作主语】
【备注(1):There being a swimming pool in our school为动名词复合结构整体作句子主语】
【备注(2):there 为being形式逻辑主语,a swimming pool为being真正逻辑主语】
【备注(3):what we expect 为融合型关系代词what=the thing that 引导名词型关系分句,并在主句作表语,构成表语从句,what we expect=the thing that we expect】
There being a swimming pool in our school is what we expect.【动名词复合结构作主语】
=That there is a swimming pool in our school is what we expect.【that主语从句作主句的主语,what表语从句作主句的表语】
=That there is a swimming pool in our school is the thing that we expect.
=It is the thing that we expect that there is a swimming pool in our school.
There being a swimming pool in our school 【主语】// is 【系动词】// what we expect 【表语】//.
参考译文:学校拥有一个游泳池是我们所期望的事情。
【二】What we expect is for there to be a swimming pool in our school.【不定式复合结构作表语】
【备注(1):for there to be a swimming pool in our school 为不定式复合结构整体作句子表语】
【备注(2):there 为to be形式逻辑主语,a swimming pool为being真正逻辑主语】
What we expect【主语】// is【系动词】// for there to be a swimming pool in our school【表语】// .
参考译文:我们所期望的事情是学校拥有一个游泳池。
【三】For there to be a swimming pool in our school is what we expect.【不定式复合结构作主语】
【备注(1):for there to be a swimming pool in our school为不定式复合结构整体作句子主语】
【备注(2):there 为to be形式逻辑主语,a swimming pool为being真正逻辑主语】
For there to be a swimming pool in our school 【主语】// is 【系动词】// what we expect 【表语】//.
参考译文:学校拥有一个游泳池是我们所期望的事情。
【四】What we expect is there being a swimming pool in our school.【动名词复合结构作表语】
【备注(1): there being a swimming pool in our school 为动名词复合结构整体作句子表语】
【备注(2):there 为being形式逻辑主语,a swimming pool为being真正逻辑主语】
What we expect【主语】// is【系动词】// for there being a swimming pool in our school【表语】// .
参考译文:我们所期望的事情是学校拥有一个游泳池。
特别备注:
【1】不定式复合结构for there to be a swimming poor作主语或者表语表示“将来拥有一个游泳池”。
【2】动名词复合结构there being a swimming poor作主语或者表语表示“已经拥有了一个游泳池”。
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