1. 四川大学外文系编写的《英语语法词典》这样解释:
absolute clause(独立分句)是C.T.Onions用语,指nominative absolute construction(独立主格结构)和nominative absolute participial construction(独立主格分词结构)(p.1)。独立主格结构(nominative absolute construction)在逻辑上是主谓关系的一种独立结构,其中逻辑主语通常是通格名词或主格代词,同它构成主谓关系的不是分词,而是名词、形容词、副词或介词短语。独立主格分词结构(nominative absolute participial construction)通常用通格名词或主格代词同分词或分词短语构成,两者在逻辑上是主谓关系。这种结构一般用于书面语(p.470)。不过,没有提及不定式独立结构。
此外,薄冰老师的《高级英语语法》在非限定动词一节,分别介绍了10.14不定式独立结构(p.322),10.46现在分词独立结构(p.368),10.60过去分词独立结构(p.388)。如果按照四川大学外文系的解释,他们没有提及省略的问题,而是把独立分句按照独立主格结构和独立主格分词结构解释。薄冰老师的例句也没太涉及省略问题。
2. Bas Aarts则这样解释absolute clause: A non-finite or verbless clause containing its own subject, attached to a sentence from which it is separated by a comma(or commas), and not introduced by a subordinator.Also called absolute construction.章振邦老师在其《新编高级英语语法》中把分句解释为:限定分句,非限定分句(不定式分句,-ing分词分句,-ed分词分句),无动词分句(p.27)。如果按照他的这个解释,有些独立结构,如名词/代词+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语,似乎也不必解释为省略being的结果,可以用无动词分句来解释。
3. 看一下提及独立结构省略问题的相关解释。张克礼老师的《新英语语法》(p.223):
独立分句(absolute clauses)指带有自己主语的非限定分句(不定式分句,-ing分句,-ed分句)和无动词分句。
2)带主语的-ing分句(有四种形式)
第一种为-ing的主动一般式。这种结构中的-ing一般不能省略,但为being时可省略。
So many people (being) absent,we had to put the meeting off.
第二种-ing为被动一般式。表示与限定分句同时的状态时,being可省略;主语为it时,偶尔可省略。
l have published 3 novels,the last one (being) considered the best.
(lt) Being Sunday,the shops were all closed.
第三种为-ing完成体主动态。这种结构中的having一般不能省略,但-ed分词为gone,come,set,arrived时,也可省略。(不过,他的这个说法可能会有争议)
Our guest (having) gone,we resumed working.
The sun (having) set,we had to stop there for the night.
Our luggage (having) arrived, l was dressed in a few minutes.
第四种为-ing完成体被动态,这种结构中的having been一般均可省略。
The word of command (having been) given,the troops fired.
My task (having been) completed, l went to bed.
4. 王国栋老师在《国际英语深层语法》(p.315)解释独立主格结构的构成时,名词+名词,名词+形容词,名词+副词,名词+介词词组,他认为,可以省略being。
The brave man Wu Song fought the tiger,a stick (being) his only weapon.
The children were making a snowman,hands (being) red with the cold.
The meeting (being) over,we all left the room.
Last night l followed him here, and climbed in,sword in hand.(sword后面省略了being)
5. 至于不省略的问题,张克礼老师解释说:不带with的无动词分句的主语后的being一般必须表示出来,特别是主语为代词时:
John being away/?John away,Henry had to do his work.
He being absent/*He absent, nothing could be done.
Such being the case,/*Such the case, l can't go.
不过,也有这样的例句:
He a scholar, it is surprising to find such a blunder.(陆锦林《高级现代英语语法》p.285)
The experiment was carried out under the supervision of Professor P. L. Roserhan of Standford University, himself one of the eight fake patients.(陆锦林《高级现代英语语法》p.285)
还有这样的例句being一般不可省略:
Him being sick, we'll have to do his work.
There being no taxis, we had to walk.
lt being impossible to make a living in real estate,Stacey added insurance as a sideline.
因语法体系的不同,可能对独立结构解释的角度会有所不同,尤其对于独立结构中的省略问题。
以上内容,仅供参考。