1. He insisted on staying rather than going/went.
2. He stayed rather than went/going.
3. These measures will aggravate rather than relieving the situation.
4. He was bolting his food rather than eat it.
5. He telephoned rather than to write.
6. Rather than to drive to the front door, Langdon pulled into a parking area nestled in the evergreens.
请教各位老师,上面的句子是否正确?如果错误,麻烦解释一下具体原因。十分感谢。
期待老师们的帮助。
谢谢小王同学邀答。个人对于rather than后所跟的动词形式有这么几点原则性的体会:
1. rather than的否定意义有两种:一种是普通型否定,主要描述客观实际;另一种是偏爱型否定,具有选择色彩。
2. rather than 跟与母句相同的动词形式时,表示对称并列,为(准)并列连词,通常为普通型否定;如果母句有表示意愿的偏爱型动词,则亦可理解为偏爱型否定。
3. rather than跟(与母句动词形式不同的)无to不定式时,rather than通常表示偏爱型否定,尤其母句有(would) prefer/like, want等动词时。
4. 无论普通型否定还是偏爱型否定,无论是否与母句动词形式一致,rather than 后都可以跟-ing 形式。
5 rather than在句首时,后跟(有时带逻辑主语)无to不定式或-ing分词形式,此时的rather than不宜被视为(准)并列连词,而应被视为从属连词或介词。
根据以上原则性思路对网友上述六个句子试答如下:
1. He insisted on staying rather than going/went.
此句rather than后要用going,与staying对称并列;不宜用went。
2. He stayed rather than went/going.
此句rather than后可用went或going,表示普通型否定;也可用go表示偏爱型否定。又例如:He paid the fine rather than appeal to a higher court.
3. These measures will aggravate rather than relieving the situation.
我的直觉是此句rather than后要用动词原形relieve,与aggravate对称并列,不宜用releiving。因为the situation 是relieve和aggravate的共享宾语,这种情况下并列性很突出,动词宜用一致形式。但如果改成These measures will aggravate the situation rather than relieving it,应该没有问题。
4. He was bolting his food rather than eat it.
此句rather than后宜用eating it,以便形成对称并列。如用无to不定式,似乎倾向于偏爱型否定,在这个语境中不适用。
5. He telephoned rather than to write.
此句中rather than后应改为wrote或write。前者rather than为(准)并列连词,表示客观实际(义同and not);后者rather than视为从属连词,表示偏爱。但是也可用rather than writing,既可表示普通型否定,也可表示偏爱型否定。
6. Rather than to drive to the front door, Langdon pulled into a parking area nestled in the evergreens.
此句中rather than在句首,须用Rather than drive...或Rather than driving...。此时的Rather than视为从属连词或介词,多表示偏爱型否定。
上述试答为个人不成熟己见,仅供参考。文中rather than的词性可能仅为一家之言,与用法相比,术语并不重要。
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rather than 有时用作连词(有人称之为准并列连词),有时用作介词。当后接动词时,它若用作连词后接平行结构,它若用作介词后接动名词。但也有人认为它可以用作从属连词,后接不定式(通常省略 to),所以对于问题中的句子,我的判断是:
1. He insisted on staying rather than going/went.(要用 going 不用 went, 与 staying 并列)
2. He stayed rather than went/going.(没问题)
3. These measures will aggravate rather than relieving the situation.(没问题)
4. He was bolting his food rather than eat it.(可以这样用,但用 eating 更合适)
5. He telephoned rather than to write.(最好用 writing 或 wrote, 也可以用 write)
6. Rather than to drive to the front door, Langdon pulled into a parking area nestled in the evergreens.(没问题,因为有人认为rather than 位于句首时其后可以用不定式,但通常会省略 to,所以本句省略 to 更普通,当然也可以用动名词)
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!