6 请教剑桥英语语法的 bare comparison

曹老师请问一下,剑桥英语语法第13章,1.3Comparative construction 中,bare and expanded 那个地方应该怎样解释呢,还是有点不懂比如说:

We performed better than we did last year.

不是既能说than we did last yearexpanded comparative complement又能说we did last yearbare comparative complement吗?

一个有than一个没有,那如果这样区分还有何意义呢?

我能否这样想:bare comparative complement指的是去掉前面介词的补语,经常跟在as这个介词自己作管控项后面的补语,而expanded comparative complement经常是前面有副词as作管控项后面再跟一个bare comparative complement作副词as的补语? 所以说bare comparative complement是专门针对as自己作管控项创立的术语吗?governor一般不都是副词吗?后面跟比较分句做其补语,但是如果是as自己作管控项是不是它同时有副词和介词(传统语法连词)的作用?后面这个bare comparative complement补足as()的语义?

您另外可以解释一下scalarnon-scalar?

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最佳答案 2023-11-29 13:29

1 剑桥语法把引导状语从句的连词一律分析为介词。

2 剑桥语法的比较结构所涵盖的范围远大于一般传统语法书。比如 You are like Tom. 在该书属于比较结构。

3 如果AB二者之间进行比较,B被称为the secondary term. 这个secondary term就是比较补足语comparative complement。比较补足语在形式上有二种,一种带有介词称为expanded comparative complement,一种没有介词,称为bare comparative complement。例如:You are taller than Tom. taller是比较管控项,它要求expanded comparative complement,即than TomYou are like Tom. like是管控项,它要求bare comparative complement,即Tom。在下面二个句子中,管控项用黑体表示,比较补足语用斜体表示:

It wasn’t as expensive as she had expected. (expanded)

ii It was reasonably cheap, as she had expected. (bare)

4 关于scalarnon-scalar comparison,你可参读原文:

Scalar vs non-scalar

Scalar comparisons are concerned with relative position on some scale, such as that

denoted by old in [1]; old is a gradable adjective and scalar comparison is one type of

grading, potentially more complex than grading by means of such degree adverbs as

very, quite, rather, etc., but of the same general kind.

Non-scalar comparisons, by contrast, are concerned not with grading but with such

issues as identity and likeness. Bus, for example, is not gradable, and the non-scalar

comparisons in [1] compare the two buses (the one I took and the one I had taken last

time) for identity.

Scalar comparison can be regarded as the more central type: inflectionally marked

comparatives are scalar and, within the inequality category, comparative clauses are rare

in the non-scalar constructions.


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  • 叶大统   提出于 2023-10-21 23:54