老师您好,我又卡在奇怪的地方了。麻烦您给看看,辛苦了!
句子:He regretted being unable to give us some help。
想问问:being+adj怎样理解,尤其是being,它指的是He吗?
being unable to give us some help中,being+adj和to give us some help谁是真正的宾语,是to do作形容词的补充说明吗?
非常感谢!
regret的使用规则一般是:对相对于其表达时间之前已经发生的事表示遗憾和后悔时,后面所接的非限定动词形式,用动名词的一般式,完成式,或者不定式的完成式。例句可为,regretted being unable to/having been unable to/to have been unable to
对于be unable to do的理解,可以把be理解为系动词,语意为“是”,unable视为形容词,不定式理解为形容词unable的补足成分。
而牛津词典,把be able to do解释为used as a modal verb,似乎有点说不通。因为情态动词的特点有这样的解释:Despite the fact that they are always finite,they have no -s forms.Nor do they have infinitive or participle forms.例句中的being unable to便是非限定形式。
但是,换个思路,似乎be able to可以理解为modal lexical verb(情态实义动词),它的解释是:modal lexical verb:a lexical verb that expresses modal meaning,e.g.demand,have to,be going to.
所以,似乎可以作为一个分析思路,be able/unable to作为情态实义动词(modal lexical verb),后接省略to的不定式(bare infinitive)。
仅供参考。
He regretted being unable to give us some help。【动名词一般体作宾语】
=He regretted having been unable to give us some help.【动名词完成体作宾语】
=He regretted that he had been unable to give us some help【过去完成时态的that宾语从句作宾语】
备注(1):regret doing sth实际是regret having done的简写,表示动名词动作在谓语动词动作之前发生,意思“后悔做了某事”doing sth动名词一般体,having done为动名词完成体。being unable to give us some help(没能给我们一些帮助) 在前发生,后悔抱歉在后发生。
备注(2)主语he是谓语动词regretted语法主语,是动名词being逻辑主语
备注(3):He regretted being unable to give us some help.=He regretted that he had been unable to give us some help.
备注(4):being unable to give us some help的结构为be unable to give sb sth没有能力给某人某物
备注(5):不定式短语to give us some help作状语修饰前面形容词unable
He 【主语】// regretted【谓语动词】// being unable to give us some help【宾语】// 。
参考译文:他很后悔/抱歉没有能力给我们提供一些帮助。
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