语法书上说(不包括形容词+to do的各种类型):一般来讲,在句中若出现了不定式动作的执行者时,则不定式用主动形式;若没有执行者,或不定式所修饰的成分是不定式动作的承受者,则不定式用被动形式。
1)I have three letters to type today. 不定式动作执行者出现,是I,用主动语态
2)I want the letters to be typed at once. 不定式动作执行者未出现,所以用正常的被动语态,表示I不是执行者。
真题:The teacher introduces them to the material to be covered, but dose not to teach it.
句中已出现了cover the material 的动作执行者:the teacher,请问the teacher introduces them to the material to cover 是否正确?
【1】I have three letters to type today. 【我今天要打印3封信件】【说话人(我)自己打印】
备注:主动不定式作后置定语修饰前面名词three letters.不定式逻辑主语为句子主语I.
【2】I have three letters to be typed today. 【我今天要请别人打印3封信件】【别人打印】
备注:被动不定式作后置定语修饰前面名词three letters.不定式逻辑主语不是句子主语I而是别人.
【3】I want the letters to be typed at once.
备注:被动不定式to be typed作宾语补足语,宾语为不定式动作承受者,所以用不定式被动结构作宾语补足语。
【4】The teacher introduces them to the material to be covered, but(he省略) does not to teach it.
备注:to be covered 为被动不定式修饰前面名词the material 构成名词短语the material to be covered,the material为不定式动作承受者。
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