She remembers everything as if they happened yesterday.
老师们,请问一下,这个句子不应该指的是和过去事实相反吗,为什么这里用的是一般过去时?
She remembers everything as if they happened yesterday.
as if从句描述的内容与事实相反:事情并不是真的发生在昨天——不然这句话似乎就什么意义了。姑且把这种类型称为陈述式虚拟。
明明是与过去相反,为什么不用had happened?
首先,使用had happened完全没有问题;
其次,as if引导的句子,如果很明显看出与事实不符,大概出于经济省力的原则,可以使用陈述式来表达与事实不符的情况。
部分内容参见赵振才《英语常见问题大辞典》as if词条。
PS:
they改为it是不是更常见?
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这是as if 常见的一种用法。当作者想表示一种他认为基本是事实的描述时,用陈述形式,不是虚拟。比较:He looks as if he is stronger now. 表示说话人认为他现在确实看上去强壮多了。如果用as if he were/was strong. 意思是他实际不强壮,仅是看上去强壮而已。回到你的句子,说话人想描述的是过去发生的事,只要指更早发生的,如多年前的事,都历历在目,犹如昨天发生的一样。但由于有yesterday, 所以必须用happened.
请看外媒例句:
Although it happened over 15 years ago, Grooms remembered the event as if it happened yesterday.
如果是now, 就可以用现在进行时,如:
1. The body views these memories as if they are happening now in the present moment.
2. I remember it as if happening now—those paintings were interesting.
如果作者侧重强调的是假设的情形,就会用虚拟的形式,如:
1. I can see and feel it, as if it had happened yesterday.
2. “That is now fifty years ago,” said he, “and more—but I remember it as if it had happened yesterday.”
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1. 这句指的是与现在事实相反。
2. 标准虚拟语气格式分为与现在、过去、将来的事实相反三种情况。
3. as if结构中的时态选择要看其与主句谓语动词的相对时间:
(1)与主句谓语动词同时存在的情况,as if后的动词用过去时,如你所举例句。可能例句中的“yesterday”使我们产生困惑,为了有助于理解,我们把它修改为:She remembers everything as if they happened just now.
(2)先于主句谓语动词的情况,as if后的动词用过去完成时,如:You look as if you had seen a ghost.
(3)晚于主句谓语动词的情况,as if后用would(could等)+ 动词原形,如:She looks as if she would cry.