以下来自英语语法网:http://www.yygrammar.com/Article/200802/199.html
1. There be结构中的不定式做定语时,主动形式表被动意义。如:
In the past, there were too many people to feed. 在过去需要养起来的人太多了。
There are many clothes to wash today. 今天要洗的衣服太多了。
2.某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin, start, finish, end等),当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时,可用主动形式表示被动意义:
When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始?
The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。
请问这两种情况是必须的还是也可以用被动形式?
有时主动被动意思相同,可以互换,有时又不同,要根据语境和说话人要表达的意思来决定。请看《朗文英语语法》的一段解释:
释你问的第二种情形,也是同样道理。有时二者意思是不同的。我们以外刊例句为例:
The concert was begun and concluded by the execution of a piece of music by six young ladies, seated at three pianos.
这里用被动语态,表示以什么方式开始和结束。如果改为主动语态也可以,但by 要改用with.
请比较体会这一句:They sat down on the grass, and the concert was begun by Harry, who played a solo.
The play was ended by the therapist, because the session ended. 这里用被动形式,表示表演是由therapist 终止的。
By the time the play was ended Jimmy Challoner had worked himself into a white heat of rage and despair.
此句中,主动和被动形式可以互换,意思相同。现代英语通常多倾向用主动语态。
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