解答如下：仅供网友参考

With the weather being so awful, we’ve just had to stay indoors.【正确】

The weather being so awful, we’ve just had to stay indoors.【正确】

The weather awful, we’ve just had to stay indoors.【正确】

【一】With 的独立主格结构主要有以下几种。

【1】with +名词(代词)+介词短语（介词短语表示宾语所处的状态）

He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand.他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。

【2】with +名词(代词)+形容词（形容词表示宾语的特性和状态）

He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open.他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。

【3】with +名词(代词)+副词（副词表示宾语所处的状态）

With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.

产量上升了60%, 公司又是一个好年景。

【4】with +名词(代词)+名词（名词表示宾语是什么）

She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion.

她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。

【5】with +名词(代词)+现在分词（现在分词表示宾语正在进行的动作或主动的动作）

She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her.

她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。

【6】with +名词(代词)+过去分词（过去分词和宾语构成动宾关系，且宾语是动作的承受者）

“I think we can leave with our heads held high,” Eriksson said. “We came out of the toughest group, beat Argentina, beat Denmark in a convincing way.”

“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开，”埃里克森说。“我们来自死亡之组，以令人信服的方式击败了阿根廷和丹麦。”

【7】with +名词(代词)+不定式（动词不定式表示主动或将来的动作）

With you to lead us, our group is sure to succeed.有你领导我们，我们组肯定能成功。

【二】名词/代词+形容词的独立主格结构。

He entered the room, his face pale. 他走进屋来脸色苍白。

Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。

She stood erect, her body stiff with fury. 她站得笔直，身子气得发僵。

He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排，嘴半开着。

The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse．

特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。

【三】名词/代词+现在分词 的独立主格结构，供网友参考

The children playing in the room, I couldn’t get down studying.孩子们在屋里玩，我没法学习。

Mother being ill, I had to stay at home looking after her.母亲病了，我只好呆在家里照顾她。

We shall have a picnic tomorrow,weather permitting.明天天气好的话，我们就去野炊。

The teacher being late,we go home.老师迟到了，我们就回家了。

His mother being busy,he has to go home early to do housework.他妈妈很忙，他得早点回家做家务。

Summer holiday coming,I am planning to how to relax myself.暑假就要来了，我正在计划着暑假怎么玩。

There being no bus,we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。

The girl staring at him,he didn't know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。

The sport meeting being over,we go for a movie.运动会结束后，我人就去看电影。

He being back,we'd better buy him a present.他就要回去了，我们还是给他买个礼物吧。

My classmate being ill,I send him homework.我同学生病了，我给他送家庭作业去。

Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．
黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。