The start of the pandemic / was characterized by empty supermarket shelves, as global supply chains creaked under the strain of panic buying and the disruption caused by covid-19

参考译文(1)：大流行的开始/的特点是超市货架空置，全球供应链在恐慌性购买和新冠肺炎造成的破坏下崩溃。 

参考译文(2):空落的超市货架标志了疫情的开始，因为恐慌抢购和被新冠造成的混乱，全球供应链不堪重负。

备注(1)：caused by covid-19 为过去分词短语修饰名词 the disruption.

备注(2): and连接”panic buying “ 和"the disruption caused by covid-19"

备注(3):under the strain of A and B  在A和B的压力下

The rope stood up under the strain of the haul.  这绳子经受不住紧拉。

The professor buckled under the strain of the work.  教授因工作过度紧张而身体垮了。

He broke under the strain of heavy work.  他在繁重工作的压力之下累坏了。