我在前面提过一个问题《这个where her house used to be后面省略了什么》。两位老师的解答都很详细,但我还是不明白,所以再提出一次,请老师再我一下,谢谢您了!
There was only a vacant lot where her house used to be. 她以前房子所在的地方只剩下一块空地了。
我的疑问是:如果 where her house used to be 是地点状语从句,那 where 就是从属连词吧!而从属连词是不能充当句子成分的,对不对?那么这个状语从句的主语应该是 her house,used to be 应该是系动词吧!但系动词后面没有表语啊,这样难道也可以吗?
原问题见:http://ask.yygrammar.com/q-5129.html
很遗憾,上次解答你没弄懂。我再次解答你的问题:where引导的是地点状语从句。
原句时态有问题,最好改为There is,在时间上形成对比:
There is only a vacant lot where her house used to be.
她家房子以前所在的地方,现在只有一片空地。
有两件事情需要明确:
1. 判断是否定语从句,看看是否有先行词;
2. 状语从句可以放在主句的前面,而定语从句不可以。
这个句子中,where her house used to be 没有先行词,不是定语从句;where her house used to be 可以提到主句:
Where her house used to be, there is a only a vacant lot.
她家房子以前所在的地方,现在只有一片空地。
【判断方法】
关系副词where 引导定语从句和从属连词where 引导地点状语从句的区别,有一个最简便的办法就是:where之前如果有地点名词,那么就是定语从句,否则就是状语从句。例如:
You’d better make a mark at the spot where you have any question. (定语从句,修饰the spot)
不可以说:Where you have any question, you’d better make a mark at the spot.
You’d better make a mark where you have any question. (地点状语从句,修饰主句谓语动词)
可以说:Where you have any question, you’d better make a mark.
根据以上规则,where 引导的地点状语从句,可以转化为定语从句,只要在where 前加上类似in the place 的地点便可。
Just stay where you are and don't move. (地点状语从句)
Just stay in the place where you are and don't move. (定语从句)
待在你现在待的地方别动。
Put it wherever we can see it. (地点状语从句)
Put it in any place where we can see it. (定语从句)
把它放在任何我们能看得见的地方。
【注意】where 除了引导地点状语从句外,在从句本身也作成分——作used to be 的表语。where 作从句的表语,例句如下:
Stay where you are.
He is content to remain where he is now.
It is strange that they should stay where they are.
You cannot pass. Stop where you are.
Just stand where you are.
Just stay where you are for a few weeks.
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我看了你的原问题的解释:
(1) There was only a vacant lot where her house used to be.
在本句中,where her house used to be 不是状语从句,而是定语从句,a vacant lot 是被修饰的先行词。很多学友认为是状语从句,我感觉可能是受诸如下面句子影响:
(2) Where there is a will, there is a way.
而实际情况是,句(2)中谈论的是 a will 和 a way 两个主体,而句(1)中谈论的 a vacant lot 和 her house 是就地理位置而言的同一主体,为修饰说明关系,所以是定语从句。我们可以把你的句子(1)改一下:
(3) There was only a vacant lot where he used to live.
这才是状语从句。