老师,您们好!
We must find ways to protect our environment.If we fail to do so,we'll live to regret it.
=We must find ways to protect our environment.If we fail to find ways to protect our environment。
对于上述的so做替代词用法,我有些不结。
第一,do so的do是实义动词还是替代词的do?
第二,这个例句说明了so是替代find ways to protect our environment。但是我如果将这一替代的部分放在do后面又有点说不通,因为之前看过I hope so这类,so所替代的成分都是可以直接归回还原的。但是在do+so这种情况,如果要还原so的替代部分,却是要把do so这整体替换为find ways to protect our environment。
请教老师,如何理解这一现象?
do so 就是替代前面的动词和宾语等,目的是避免重复,即使用中文也好理解,如:如果你这样做,就违法了。“这样做”(do so),肯定是指前面提到的事。
你说:这个例句说明了so是替代find ways to protect our environment。但是我如果将这一替代的部分放在do后面又有点说不通
你的理解不对。do so 是一个整体,=find ways to protect our environment. 你既然用了do so,就不允许你那样还原或增补,是错误的。
do so 和hope so,形式相似,但不完全一样。《牛津英语用法指南》因此把它们分开来解释,请看该书对do so 和hope so 的解释,非常清楚,也回答了你的问题:
ope so. so 是代替that 从句里重复的词。
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【1】We must find ways to protect our environment.If we fail to do so,we'll live to regret it.=We must find ways to protect our environment.If we fail to find ways to protect our environment。
备注:“do so”等于“find ways to protect our environment”
在英语中,为了避免重复,so用来替代上文出现的成分。
【1】so替代形容词
They are very busy now and will remain so for some time.
备注:so替代very busy
John wears his hair very long and likes keeping it so.
备注:so替代very long
【2】替代名词
Mr. Smith is a doctor. He became so after he graduated from college.
备注:so替代a doctor
—He is an honest man.
—Yes, so he is.
备注:so替代an honest man
【3】替代介词短语
—He entered our room without knocking at the door.
—He often comes in so.
备注:so替代 without knocking at the door
All the children are in a good state of nutrition, and we must keep them so.
备注:so替代in a good state of nutrition
【4】替代副词
—We are walking a little slowly, I am afraid.
—Don’t worry.They are walking so.
备注:so替代 a little slowly
He can speak English well while I can write it so.
备注:so替代well
【5】so替代动词
If she asks me to attend her birthday party, I will do so.
备注:do so替代attend her birthday party
They decided to go to Tibet, and they did so.
备注:did so替代went to Tibet
【6】so替代句子
在believe, think, guess, hope, imagine, suppose, expect, fear, it seems, it appears, be afraid, if, why等后接so(表示肯定)或not(表示否定)替代某些句子。
—Is she a nurse?
—I think so.
备注:so替代She is a nurse.
Will that be enough? If so, do not ask more.
备注:so替代That will be enough.
—I don't like her.
—Why not?
备注: not替代You don't like her.
——The students are reading books in the reading-room, are they?
—I guess not.
备注:not替代The students are not reading books in the reading-room.
【特别备注(1):believe, think, suppose, imagine, expect, say等可构成not…so句型。】
—Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?
——I don't believe so.
备注:so替代it's going to rain over the weekend
—Will mankind land on Mars in ten years?
—I don't imagine so.
【特别备注(2):so do/does +主语; so +主语+ do/sth;主语+do/does so的句型区别。】
【1】She likes English. So does he.
【备注:他也是如此。so 是副词】
【2】Tom likes English. So he does.
【备注:他的确如此。so 是副词】
【3】 I often ask Tom to read English. He does so.
【备注:他那样做了。so 是替代词,does so = reads English】
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