感谢Alex网友解答,我把我的理解和大家分享一下:
1. 关于:much flying fish.
much修饰可数名词,属于古老用法的残留,在现代英语中还保留了一些,如:much pains,much profits, much fish等。葛传椝的惯用法词典,提到了much pains的用法,陈用仪的《英语常用词疑难用法手册》,也提到了这种现象,认为是古英语的遗留。但他把much pains 的pains理解为复数形式的不可数名词,显然缺乏说服力,因为无法解释much profits, much taxes等用法。因此,我觉得解释为古英语的残留物还是符合逻辑的。
请看两个外媒例句:
1. Clearly this individual can survive on this island, and the problem that this person faces is how much fish to catch each day for consumption.Clearly this individual can survive on this island, and the problem that this person faces is how much fish to catch each day for consumption.
2. Now we saw much flying fish, with some dolphins, bonitos, and albicores.
网友也许发现,为什么第二句的dophins加了s?而海明威的那句却没有?这就引出了第二个问题。
2.关于《老人与海》中的这个句子的dolphin为什么没有加s?
dolphin 当海豚讲时,是可数名词,复数是dolphins. (请看外媒例句2),如果你查朗文词典也会有同样的解释。dolphin还有一个意思,不是指海豚,而是指一种可以食用的鱼dorado(鲯鳅),(the free dictionaryy有解释),这时,dolphin单复数同形。感兴趣的网友可以查一查《老人与海》的中文版,如果翻译为海豚就错了。另请参考一个母语人对书中dophin用法的解释:
“In this book(指《老人与海》), "dolphin" is the large, deep-water fish, the dorado, not the mammal dolphin, or porpoise. The dolphin prey mainly on flying fish, which are also a deep-water fish.”
https://www.englishforums.com/English/FlyingFishDolphinErnest-Hemingway/blqhgl/post.htm
希望我的补充对大家有所帮助。