【1】one用来指代“同名异物”的可数名词单数(不定冠词a/an+单数可数名词)

—Do you have a car?

—Yes, I have one. I have a good one. (one = a pen)

Yesterday I lost my pen. I’m going to buy one after school. (one = a pen)

The story he told us was more interesting than the one we heard yesterday. (the one = the story)

备注：one表示泛指“单数”含义

【2】ones用来指代“同名异物”的可数名词复数(复数名词）。

—Do you want a toy?

—Yes, I want new ones very much. (ones = toys)

Stone bridges last longer than wooden ones. (ones = bridges)

Teachers like the students working hard, especially the ones who are active in thinking. (the ones = the students)

备注：ones表示泛指“复数”含义

【3】that用来指代“同名异物”的可数名词单数或不可数名词(the+单数名词).

The engine of your car is better than that of mine. (that = the engine)

The book you bought yesterday costs less than that I had bought before. (that = the book)

The weather of Beijing is as good as that of Tianjin. (that = the weather)

He often tells us the news of his country and that of his country nearby. (that = the news)

备注：that表示特指“单数”含义

【4】those用来指代“同名异物”的可数名词复数(the+复数名词)

The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor. (those = the houses)

The bikes made in China are as good as those made in USA. (those = the bikes)

备注：those表示特指“复数”含义

总结：one, ones, that, those的区别

【1】一般来说，one代表前面有不定冠词的可数名词单数，that代表前面有定冠词的可数名词单数；ones代表前面无定冠词的可数名词复数（前面总带有形容词作定语，不能单独使用），those代表前面有定冠词的可数名词复数。

This is a point of idiom rather than one of grammar. (one = a point)

A cake made of wheat tastes better than one made of rice. (one = a cake)

备注：one表示泛指“单数”含义；ones表示泛指“复数”含义

【2】one或ones的定语既可以放在其前面，也可以放在其后面；that或those的定语只能放在其后面。

He has got a new storybook, but I have got several old ones.

This book is one that is needed by everyone.

备注：those表示特指“复数”含义；that表示特指“单数”含义

【3】如果在one或ones前面加上定冠词the分别用来代表棵树名词的单数或复数，定语又在其后，这时的the one或the ones基本上可以分别与that或those互换。

The singer from Shanghai sang better in the concert than the one / that from Beijing.

She likes the car of herself, not the one / that of her husband.

备注：one表示泛指“单数”含义；ones表示泛指“复数”含义