He
is too young to have suffered such hardship.
请问这里的不定式完成式是表示什么时间关系?
好像不能算是已发生的动作吧。
你句中的不定式完成式表示假想的过去动作。句意为:
他太年轻,没能经历那样的苦难。
附:不定式完成式的三个主要用法
1. 表示比谓语更早的动作:即不定式所表示的动作发生谓语动作之前。如:
I remember to have seen him do it. 我记得曾看见他这样做。
He is said to have written another TV play. 据说他又写了一部电视剧。
I am ashamed to have mentioned it. 我很惭愧提到了这件事。
2. 表示比某特定时间更早的动作:即表示在某个特定的时间之前已完成的动作。如:
I expect to have finished by tomorrow evening. 我看明天晚上之前可以完成。
We hope to have finished the job by next Saturday. 我们希望下周六前完成这项工作。
3. 表示假想的更早的动作:尤其是表示过去本来打算要做某事或本来可能发生某事,但实际上没有做成或发生的动作。如:
They were to have left the next day. 他们本来决定第二天就离开的。
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想让人把结果早点告诉我。
不定式的完成式有时还有明显的感情色彩,如表示遗憾、后悔或责备。如:
There is no need to have bought a new pair of shoes for me. 没有必要给我买一双新鞋。