10 长难句分析(有从句、词组等问题)

The only important exception in modern legal systems is litigation to obtain a declaratory judgment. But even that is usually undertaken to facilitate or make unnecessary action for enforcement, remedies or sanctions, or in circumstances where by convention it is respected as if it were an ordinary enforcement or remedial action.

主要是对第二句话的理解。想请教老师我的下述理解是否正确?

课堂上讨论的结论是:

1.这句话可以分为两个部分,第一个部分是“that is usually undertaken to facilitate or make unnecessary action for enforcement, remedies or sanctions

在这一部分中,that为主语,undertaken为谓语,to后面跟两部分,首先是“facilitate……action for enforcement, remedies or sanctions”,其次是“make unnecessary action for enforcement, remedies or sanctions”,这两部分并列,or相连。其中,后一部分有语序变化,即由于“action for enforcement, remedies or sanctions”过长,unnecessary提前,原来的表达应该是“make action for enforcement, remedies or sanctions unnecessary”。

2.第二个部分是that is usually undertaken……in circumstances where by convention it is respected as if it were an ordinary enforcement or remedial action

这个部分里,where引导定语,修饰circumstances。“as if”为虚拟语气。

因此,按照这种理解,第二句翻译为“但即使是这种为了获得确认判决而被提起的诉讼(that,这里的that的指代是根据语义来理解的,不影响句子翻译)通常也是为了便利要求执行、救济或制裁的诉讼,或者为了使得这种诉讼变得没有必要;这种为了获得确认判决而被提起的诉讼(that)也可能在这样的境况下被实施,即按照惯例,这种为了获得确认判决而被提起的诉讼(it)得到了人们的认真对待(respect),好像这种为了获得确认判决而被提起的诉讼(it)是一种普通的要求强制执行或救济措施的诉讼。”

标红部分是目前尤其觉得不确定的语法部分,老师能否用专业的语法术语给解答一下,谢谢老师!

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最佳答案 2022-09-08 07:42

我觉得你的两个理解都有不准确的地方。

But even that is usually undertaken (to facilitate or make unnecessary action for enforcement, remedies or sanctions, )or (in circumstances where by convention it is respected as if it were an ordinary enforcement or remedial action.)

括号部分均为is undertaken 的状语,一个是不定义作目的状语,一个是in circumstances... 作方面状语。make unnecessary actions 是英语中常用的说法,不能理解为unnecessary 提前。例如:He was afraid his friend would take unnecessary actions. 

你可能不太理解make unnecessary action的意思,你是不是认为应该是necessary,即采取必要行动?我理解这里的意思是一般情况下法院裁决后,败诉方应该遵重裁决,主动配合,只有在败诉方不配合的情况下,法院才会采取make necessary action.所以make unnecessary actions 翻译为“采取本来不需要的行动”更符合汉语表达习惯。

to facilitate 和 make unnecessary action for 共有同一个宾语enforcement, remedies or sanctions

这句话的大概意思是:但即使是这种为了获得确认判决而被提起的诉讼通常也是为了便于执行、补救或制裁,或者采取本不必要的行动来执行、补救或制裁或者在这样的情况下实施,即按常规,这种做法被认为犹如普通的执行或补救行动。


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其它 1 个回答

曹荣禄  
擅长:动词用法,句法问题

附上 declaratory judgment的英文定义,供各位参考。

declaratory judgmenta judgment that merely decides the rights of parties in a given transaction, situation, or dispute but does not order any action or award damages. dictionary.com

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