进行时和一般时的含义差别

2 进行时和一般时的含义差别

请教老师们：

The Swedes were the first to recognize that public official like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State. The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J.O.' or 'Ombudsman'. The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1,200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and examines every single letter in detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law the altered. The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.

A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation.

1) 为什么用进行时they are serving，而不是一般现在时they serve, 如果使用一般现在时，和进行时的含义差别是什么？还有As long ago as "in" 1809 ? 介词in需要吗？

2) complaints large and small that come to him - 如何理解come to him - “被“他想出？牛津词典释义come to sb - 被某人想到。这里怎么理解：被他想到的投诉？

3) 2个现在分词complaining, asking - 为什么不使用不定式to complain, to ask表目的呢？ 2者含义差别是什么呢？

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分类：句式分析

最佳答案 2022-03-31 15:28

1. they are serving the public 现在进行时用在这里表示说话人赞美的态度，认为他们在热心为公众服务。现在进行时可表达感情色彩，可褒可贬，由语境决定。当然如果这里用一般现在时也可以。as long ago as (in) 1809, in 可有可无，但现代英语不用介词更多见，用介词的情况有些过时，但美国英语还会遇到。外刊例句：

（1）As long ago as in 1972 I wrote to the United Nations and also to the Food and Agriculture Organisation and special Conferences...

（2）There must have been a trace of doubt in the minds of the most active astrophysicists , even as long ago as in 1897.

2. come to him, y原始意思是"来到他这里"，相当于汉语的"收到投诉"的意思。如: A new report came to him.

3. 使用现在分词是现代英语的流行笔法，当然也可以用不定式。二者意思没什么区别。请看外刊例句：1. His friend Philemon wrote to him to complain that his slave Onesimus had run away from him, and asked Paul's advice about what to do.

2. Swallowing his pride he wrote to him to ask him to lend him the money he needed to join his friends.