2 定语从句与非谓语转化的讨论
下面是我的学习笔记，大家看看有没有哪里写的不对，请指教：
定语从句的简化
1.不能简化的情况：
1）关系词充当宾语的定语从句不能简化成短语。只有当关系词作主语时，才能把定语从句简化为短语。比如The man （that）I saw at the party last night is my teacher.
2）分词的完成式having done或having been done都不能用作定语，所以当定语从句的时态为完成时态的时候，也不能将从句简化为分词。
the girl who was standing in the corner当时正站在角落中的女孩
the girl standing in the corner
=who is standing或who was standing或who stands或who stood站在角落中的女孩
the girl in the corner
=standing in the corner或sitting in the corner或lying in the corner角落中的女孩
4）定语从句由be动词作谓语时不能简化
比如，Those who are busy don't have to go. 不能简化为分词说成：Those being busy don't have to go. *因为在英语中，“being+形容词”这样的结构不能作后置定语。
5）主从句的谓语时间不一致，影响句意不能简化。不影响句意，可以简化。
Do you know the boy who broke the window?
主句是一般现在时态，从句是一般过去时态，不能把这里的定语从句简化为分词短语
≠Do you know the boy breaking the window? =Do you know the boy who is breaking the window?
有些特殊情况，虽然主句与从句谓语时间不一致，但如果转化不影响句子意思，可以把定语从句简化为分词短语。比如
The girl who is playing basketball used to be very weak.
=The girl playing basketball used to be very weak.
The car that was repaired yesterday by him is mine.
=The car repaired yesterday by him is mine
最佳答案 2022-03-18 12:49
基本认同你的理解。但有一处似乎不是很准确，你认为“being+形容词”这样的结构不能作后置定语，不知你是从哪里看到的。在过去的学习中，我似乎见过这种的用法，特别是美国英语。因此我在语料库搜索了一下，给你提供几个例句供参考：
1. Those being successful are scheduled for the biographical interview on the following days.
2. In the Massachusetts Bay colony, there are 54 petitions for divorce, with 44 of those being successful.
3. Slow onset type IDDM in children (group B) were divided into two subgroups, those being positive or negative for ICA at diagnosis.
4. The key to those being successful is to get information that people can come together around , establish some goals and move beyond their biases and agendas to work together.
5. Given that each of us has a limited time for being-in-the-world it only makes sense to be with those others who are most useful in helping us develop our character, those who would be interested in the same, those being open to life and are willing to be self-reflective.
6. And many of those being most evidently agreeable to reason, were more easily upheld and propagated.
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