曹老师：新年好

新概念3-32课

The salvage operation had been a complete failure. The small ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks, was on its way home. A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship's captain instructing him to give up the search. The captain knew that another attempt would be made later, for the sunken ship he was trying to find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion.

1) 为什么不是he had been trying 呢？he was trying 表明当时还正在...，因此还没有返航；而was on its way home表明返航了，所以，应该用had been trying ？

    had been carrying 和 was carrying 的含义区别在这里没搞懂？

    Despite the message, the captain of the Elkor decided to try once more. The sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom.

2a) 这一句there was tremendous excitement on board went a chest was raised from the bottom.  对比 There was a note of triumph in my voice when I told him that it was there in black and white.

我看了网上的主句+when从句，谁先发生的动作的先后关系（这里是指主从句都是动态动词！这种我懂了。），并且如果when从句谓语为静态动词表示状态，主句为短暂动词或持续动词表示事件，这种我也理解了。

现在我感到困惑是：如果when从句是动态动词，主句谓语为静态动词表示状态 - 这种情况，该如何理解分析？

例如：本句there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom. 如何分析理解动作先后关系？

主句was状态，而when从句was raised是动作还是状态？如果是动作，打捞到船上后，再was激动。如果把was raised理解成系表结构，则意味着打捞过程中，就was 激动？

书上翻译成了“打捞时” ，对吗？正确翻译应该是“打捞上来后”？

2b) 新概念3-37课一句：There was a note of triumph in my voice when I told him that it was there in black and white.

主句表状态，when从句动作（动态动词），曹老师，遇到这种主从时态结构的句型，应该怎么“正确“理解主从动作先后关系？麻烦您讲解一下。

2c)似乎2a)和2b)主从时态结构类似，但是好像对动作的先后理解不一样？

需要麻烦曹老师帮助分析。

Though the crew were at first under the impression that the lost ship had been found, the contents of the chest proved them wrong. What they had in fact found was a ship which had been sunk many years before.

    The chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan Fielding. There were books, clothing and photographs, together with letters which the seaman had once received from his wife. The captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck.

3)salvage是及物动词，宾语为什么不是as many as possible呢？为什么用much不可数呢？

Nothing of value was found, but the numerous items which were brought to the surface proved to be of great interest. From a heavy gun that was raised, the captain realized that the ship must have been a cruiser.

4)我理解是站在过去的角度对更早发生的事情（过去的过去）进行推测，由于must没有过去式，所以还是只能用must来表示站在过去的角度对更早的过去进行推测。

举例来说，现在是2022年2月5日，打捞的时候假设是1980年，是一首巡洋舰（被鱼类击沉之前）假设在1943年。这里的must have been就是站在1980年的时间点，对1943年进行推测。

如果这里不用must，而改用例如may/might来进行推测，如果站在1980年的时间点，对1943年进行推测，就只能用“might,不能用may”。如果站在今天2022年2月5日，对1943年进行推测，则may和might都可以使用。

老师，我的理解对吗？

In another chest, which contained the belongings of a ship's officer, there was an unfinished letter which had been written on March 14th, 1943. The captain learnt from the letter that the name of the lost ship was the Karen. The most valuable find of all was the ship's log book, parts of which it was still possible to read.

5) 为什么我感觉有无it都可以呢？parts of which it was still possible to read. 或者 parts of which was still possible to read. ？都正确吗？为什么一定要有it呢？

From this the captain was able to piece together all the information that had come to light. The Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine. This was later confirmed by naval official at the Ministry of Defiance after the Elkor had returned home. All the items that were found were sent to the War Museum.

6) 我感觉这里的were found 属于系表结构，强调状态，不然，如果是强调动作，需要使用过去完成时had been found，这种理解对吗？

以上6点麻烦曹老师帮我详细分析，非常感谢！