1. while there is not one standardnised technique,most dentist recommend a combination of horiontal and circular movements, lasting for between two to three minutes.

《lasting for between two to three minutes》是不是现在分词作为定语修饰horiontal and circular movements？

2. Fire-lighting was revolutionised by the discovery of phosphorus, isolated in 1669 by a German alchemist trying to transmute silver into gold.

《isolated in 1669 》是不是过去分词作为定语修饰phosphorus？     

以上两句为什么可以是《逗号，+doing》或者《逗号，+done》作为定语分别修饰修饰movements和phosphorus？  为什么不是直接写《a combination of horiontal and circular movements lasting for 》和《the discovery of phosphorus isolated in 1669 》，movements和phosphorus作为先行词，他们不应是直接连着lasting和isolated的吗？现在用《逗号，》隔开，看起来像是方式状语，但如果是方式状语，他们的逻辑主语应该是dentist和Fire-lighting才对，但从句子翻译的意思来看，lasting和isolated就是修饰movements和phosphorus的。但这种《先行词+逗号，+doing》或者《先行词+逗号，+done》是不是很常见？

3、There are two steps to the occurrence of lightning from a cloud to the ground.这个《to the occurrence of lightning》是不是也是to sth的介宾短语作定语修饰 steps? 还是说《to the occurrence of lightning》是介宾短语做补语修饰steps？？