in +时间段,既可以表示事件在这段时间结束的时候发生(即某某时间之后),也可以表示事件发生在这段时间内。谓语可以是将来时,也可以是一般过去时。
区别的要点1是看谓语动词表示的是延续性事件还是非延续性事件;2 是看谓语描述的是说话人关注的时间点之前还是之后的事件。
这是曹老师对in+一段时间的回答。
我的疑惑是:前几天一个母语者说了一个观点,他说:in+一段时间与谓语是延续性还是瞬间性动词没有任何关系,如果in+一段时间表示在....时间后,它与谓语延续性动词连用时候强调的是延续性动词的起点。
然后我请教了几个外教,问题:in , within 语法方面问题
1 in 后面接时间的话,有两种意思:
在……以内,在……以后。如何来区分,意思是“以内”还是“以后”呢?
看到有些说法是,
一般用法:
非延续性动词+in three minutes 一般表示“在……以后”
延续性动词+in three minutes 一般表示“在……以内”。
外教回复如下:
理解有误与延续不延续无关,即使是延续也是强调的起点。(比如历史现在时,经常会用到in+一段时间表示在....时间后,它与延续性动词连用,本意是“这个时间点作为谓语动词延续性动作的起点时间)。
这位网友,既然你已经从外教那里得到了答案,为什么还要再问我?难道你觉得外教的语法水平不如我?我给你摘引一段剑桥英语语法的内容,你仔细阅读:
7.4 Non-bounding duration adjuncts
These adjuncts have the form of PPs with in or within as head and a temporal NP as complement. They are found in clauses expressing singular achievements or accomplishments:
[23] i The doctor arrived in/within half an hour. [achievement]
ii They built the house in/within a year. [accomplishment]
An achievement itself has no duration: the adjunct therefore measures a period that ends at the time of the achievement and begins at the time when it was in some sense set in train or at a time that is a relevant point of orientation in some other way. In [i] the starting-point is likely to be the time the doctor was called. In She reached the summit in two hours the default interpretation is that the starting-point was when she set out on the climb. But it doesn’t have to be: compare We should reach the summit in another two hours. Here we may well have already done part of the climb and I am taking the moment of utterance as the starting-point of the two-hour period.
Accomplishments do have duration, and the adjunct measures that. In a context where the builders have already been working on a house for some months, we would normally use an achievement expression, They will finish building the house in another year, rather than the accomplishment build the house itself. But there may be indeterminacy over the location of the starting-point: the interval could begin with a subinterval that was merely preparatory, rather than strictly part of the building as such.
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