虚拟语气就是倒退一个时态吗 及see (to it) that 的用法

1.以下选自文章 a student in economics

I couldn't work fewer hours and stay in school, sir. I just barely get by as it is. I get my board at The Wigwam, and I pay my room rent, and I've been paying out on a suit of clothes. That leaves only about a dollar a week for all the other things I have to have.

Can't you arrange for a little financial support from home?

No, sir, I'm afraid I couldn't. I have two brothers and two sisters at home younger than I am. It wouldn't be right for me to ask my father to send money out of what he makes.

粗体都是虚拟语气,所以日常对话中是不是单独出现一句过去时态的句子,就有可能是表示虚拟语气?

2. If you flunk out, the university authorities are obliged to see that you return to your home immediately.

夏济安评:这里you returnreturn也是虚拟语气;假如主语是heshereturn也不用加s为什么主语是he, return也不加s呢?

3. see (to it) that引导的从句也可以用一般现在时来代替将来时,这种情况就不是虚拟语气了吗?

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4. 虚拟语气就是倒退一个时态来表示虚拟的吗?

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1 个回答

曹荣禄  
擅长:动词用法,句法问题

1 二个couldn't不是虚拟语气,而是用情态动词的过去形式表示委婉。wouldn't be right可以理解为虚拟语气,因为句子暗示说话人不会作不定式表示的这个动作,相当于 If I asked... it wouldn't be right. 即不定式短语相当于一个虚拟条件,表示将来不可能发生的事。

23 see to it that后的从句不用虚拟语气,而是用一般现在时表示将来,用一般过去时表示过去将来。这个that从句的内容是说话人认为一定要发生的事情,说话人把that从句所说的事当做将来事实对待的。所以这里要用陈述语气。由于从句内容不牵扯说话人的预测,也不牵涉that从句主语的意愿,所以that从句也没有理由用情态动词willwould. 在实际应用中,非正式语体有用will/would的,但标准的句型应该是从句用一般现在时(主句为现在时间)或一般过去时(主句为过去时间)。

4 虚拟语气包括现在式虚拟语气和过去式虚拟语气二个类型。前者用动词原型,后者才是你所说的所谓退一格

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  • 晃来晃去   提出于 2021-11-23 16:12