Turing around, I saw a white-haired man.
这是外研版新教材高中英语必修一第1单元中的句子(p2)。
请问这里的 white-haired 为什么要加 -ed?hair 不是名词吗?
对后缀 -ed 的用法,网友只知其一,不知其二。注意 -ed 有两个用法:
用法一:附在规则动词后构成过去分词,有时过去分词也可转化为形容词用。如:
I had to suck it up and play with an injured finger. 我不得不忍着疼痛,用受伤的手指演奏。
It is illegal to harbor an escaped convict. 窝藏逃犯是违法的。
These companies want an educated work force. 这些公司需要受过良好教育的劳动力。
用法二:附在名词或名词短语后构成形容词表示“有…的”“以…为特征的”“具有…特征的”。如:
1. culture 文化→cultured 有文化的,有修养的,儒雅的。如:
He is a cultured man with a wide circle of friends. 他是一个有修养的、交友甚广的人。
He is a cultured man who knows a lot about music and dance. 他是个有文化素养的人,知道许多有关音乐和舞蹈的事。
I loved her combination of cultured sophistication and working-class humor. 我爱她既有文化人的深度,又有工人阶级的幽默。
2. white hair 白色头发→white-haired 有白色头发的,白发苍苍的。如:
He’s white-haired now. 他现在头发都已经白了。
I met a white-haired old man on the way there. 我在去那儿的路上碰到了一位白发老人。
类似的如-footed:
a flat-footed man 有扁平足的人
a clumsy, flat-footed new recruit 笨手笨脚的新手
a fleet-footed runner 跑得飞快的人
a four-footed animal 四足动物
再如类似的 -eyed:
a flinty-eyed bureaucrat 冷酷无情的官僚
She is wide-eyed with astonishment. 她吃惊地睁大了眼睛。
Among the blind the one-eyed man is king. 盲人国里,独眼称王。
Hawk-eyed store detectives stood by the doors. 目光锐利的店探站在门旁。
She watched open-eyed as the plane took off. 飞机起飞时,她瞪大眼睛看着。
再如类似的 -faced:
an elderly pale-faced woman 一位脸色苍白的老太太
fresh-faced 18- and 19-year-old soldiers 十八九岁稚气未脱的士兵们
He’s a dirty, two-faced cheater. 他是个肮脏的,两面派的骗子。
Police are looking for a wide-faced youth, about six feet tall. 警察在找寻一个宽脸的青年,身高大约6 英尺。
类似的再如 talented(天才的),bearded(长胡须的),diseased(患病的),coloured(彩色的),kind-hearted(好心的)等。
1. 若合成形容词中名词是表示身体部位、组织、器官、或者器官功能时通常加“ed”。例如:
warm-hearted热心肠的;near-sighted 近视的;three-legged 三条腿的;one-armed 独臂的;cold-blooded 冷血的;baby-faced 娃娃脸的;white-haired 白头发的;blue-eyed蓝眼睛的;heavy-handed 笨手笨脚的;...
2. 其他情况不加"-ed"。例如:
low-cost 低成本的;full-time专职的;high-level 高水平的;200-metre两百米的;first-class 一流的;fast-speed 高速的;...
▲ 以上只是一般规律,但也有例外情况。例如:
second-hand car二手车(hand不加ed);a six-storey building,a six-storeyed building六层大楼(两者均可);middle-aged woman 中年妇女(age须加ed);...
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