受刘老师的启发,我也谈点粗浅的看法供网友参考:
对于Water is to fish what air is to man.(A is to B what C is to D)这样的句子,我们通常不作语法分析,会用即可。如果一定要分析的话,Water是主语,to fish“对于鱼儿来说”是对象状语,后面的what为融合型关系代词(“先行词+关系代词”the thing that… / something that…)引导名词性关系分句(相当于名词)在主句中作water的表语,且what又在从句中作air的表语。再举一个例子对该句式作进一步剖析:
A pen is a must to a writer. (=A pen is to a writer a must.) 笔对于作家来说是必不可少的东西。
A gun is a must to a soldier. (=A gun is to a soldier a must.) 枪对于战士来说是必不可少的东西。
→ A pen is to a writer a must that a gun is to a soldier.
→ A pen is to a writer what a gun is to a soldier. 笔之于作家,犹如枪之于战士。
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!
逗号前是个名词词组作主语,多余去掉。
A is to B what C is to D.
这是一个比喻句。A、B、C、D 分别指四种事物,to B 和 to D 分别表示“针对某物而言”。
用字母很混乱,我用一个具体句子分析:
Water is to fish what air is to man.
1. 简化句子,去掉两个介词短语to fish和to man后,剩下:Water is what air is.
2. Water is what air is. “水是空气这种东西。” 在这个句子中,what air is 是名词性从句,作is的表语。本句语法正确,但不符合逻辑。因为谁都知道“水是空气”是很荒谬的,为了让它合乎逻辑,我们可以让这两件东西,做个比较,或者做个比喻。因此,在is 之后加介词短语to sth.,表示“比喻”。
3. Water is (to fish) what air is (to man). 这样句子意思就成立了:水对鱼的关系,正如空气对人的关系一样。
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!
网友的这个问题在柯帕斯英语网讨论了N次了:
https://www.cpsenglish.com/question/26516
https://www.cpsenglish.com/question/29371
https://www.cpsenglish.com/question/23737
https://www.cpsenglish.com/question/47035
https://www.cpsenglish.com/question/27382
https://www.cpsenglish.com/question/33916
https://www.cpsenglish.com/question/44278
……