would have liked to与should have liked to的区别

Much as________, I couldn't accompany him to the concert because I simply didn't have any spare time.

A. I should have liked to

B. I would have liked to

C. I should have to like

D. I would like to have

关于这道题,我有几个疑问:

1、我从网上查到,would have liked would like的虚拟,但我有点疑惑,为什么would like 的虚拟是这种形式呢?would like 是一个词组,翻译成想要,为什么虚拟时可以把这个词组拆开,中间加入have呢?like在这里是什么成分,起什么作用呢?

2AC选项为什么会引入should这个词来进行干扰呢?should have liked to是什么意思呢

3、我后来自己查阅了一下资料,发现有老师说should have liked towould have liked to没有差别,那是不是意味着此题出的没意义,AB都对呢?

4、题目解释是说谓语使用“would+ have done”,A语气不对,不表意愿。这个解释是不是不太对?一方面如果此题考的是would have done,那为什么还要加个like呢?另一方面,如果A不是表意愿,那表什么呢?

过于这个知识点我疑惑较多,希望老师可以详细解答一下,十分感谢!

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最佳答案 2021-10-14 21:00

1 网上说would have liked would like的虚拟,这种说法是错误的。I would like to do sth. would like表示的并不是过去想要作某事,而是现在想要做某事,用will 的过去形式表示现在,这本身就是虚拟语气,句子隐含了一个虚拟条件句。例如,I would like to have a cup of tea, if it were possible. 这比直接说 I will like to have a cup of tea.显得委婉、礼貌。其实,用动词的过去形式表示委婉,都属于虚拟语气的范畴,只不过现在语法书把过去时表示委婉的用法在虚拟语气以外讲解罢了。所以,would like to do sth 本身就是虚拟语气形式,把would have liked to do sth解释为would like的虚拟语气,这纯粹是胡扯的。正确的理解应该是,would like to do是表示现在想要作某事的委婉说法,属于虚拟语气形式。would have liked to do 是过去想要做某事的虚拟语气形式。你的句子中,I would have liked to = I would have liked to accompany him to the concert.  这里隐含了虚拟条件状语 if I had had spare time。(如果我当时有闲暇时间的话,我倒是很想陪他听音乐会的。你的句子中 much as引导让步从句,尽管当时我很想陪他听音乐会,但我没有闲暇时间,不能陪他去。

2 if引导虚拟条件状语从句,主句默认的情态动词为would,有人认为此时would成了虚拟条件句主句谓语的标志词。其实这个would还是will/would的推测意义,即在虚拟条件下所做的推理,推理出一个结果。在早些时候的英国英语中,虚拟条件句的主句的主语为第一人称weI 时,英国人使用should, 其他人称用would。但这种should的用法现在已经很少使用或者几乎不用了。但在阅读早期的英国小说时仍然会见到。例如在傲慢与偏见这个小说中,你会见到虚拟条件句的主句在主语为第一人称时,用 should do, should have done. 就等于现在的would do, would have done. 美国英语则不分人称,一律用would dowould have done形式。由于主语为第一人称用should do/should have done是较为早期的用法,现在几乎不用,所以不能认为should have liked towould have liked to没有差异。现在的考试中如果同时有should have liked to would have liked to,某个同学放着would不选而选should,扣他的分一点都不冤枉。因为明显的最佳答案他不选,却选了一个现在不大使用的古老形式。说明这个语言点他没有掌握,是在乱蒙。

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刘永科   - 教育出版集团英语总顾问 & 英语系列图书主编
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  • 落樱染裳 提出于 2021-10-10 17:06

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