She is known/said/reported/believed to be a writer. 这种结构是由 It is known/said/reported/believed that she is a writer.这样的句子转换来的。在原来的句子中,it 为形式主语,that从句为真正主语从句。把that从句的主语提升到主句中作主语,主句的谓语动词不表,只需调整系词be的人称,使主谓一致。然后把that从句的谓语动词改为不定式结构,在主句中作主语补足语。不定式的体需要根据其与主句be的时间关系作相应调整。例如:
It is said that Tom wrote a new book last month.
= Tom is said to have written a new book last month. 写书的的动作先于is said的时间,故不定式用完成体。不定式短语作主语补足语。
It is known that she is a writer.
= She is known to be a writer. 是作家和is known具有同时性,静态动词to be用一般体。不定式短语作主语补足语。
It is believed that Tom is writng a new book.
= Tom is believed to be writing a new book. 写书是is believed这个时间正发生、未结束的动作,故不定式用进行体,作主语补足语。
在这种结构中,由于主语 she/Tom等是从宾语从句中提升到主句中作主语的,所以这种结构称为提升主语结构(raised subject construction)。
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