为什么 by 引导的短语不能用于主动语态呢?你听谁说的啊!
介词 by 用于主动语态的例子太多了,你随便查本词典,例句比比皆是。
你的句子中的介词by表示“方式”“手段”(意思是“用,靠,通过,凭借”)。
网友的句子意思是:
Early explorers used to navigate by the stars. 早期的探险家往往靠星辰确定方向。
更多例句如:
Whales navigate by visual means. 鲸通过视觉方法来导航。
Most bats navigate by echolocation. 大多数蝙蝠靠回声定位来飞行。
Some migrating birds can navigate by the moon. 有些迁徙的鸟类会借助月亮确定方向。
句子中的 by 相当于 by using / by using….as a guide 或 using / using….as a guide。
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by引导的短语既可可以用被动语态,也可用于非被动语态(即主动语态)。
1. 用于被动语态的例句
Every bit of lace is made by hand. 每一寸花边都是手工制作的。
This sewing machine is operated by a foot pedal. 这台缝纫机是用脚踏板来操作的。
Our sales information is processed by computer. 我们的销售信息是用计算机处理的。
Items in the list should be separated by commas. 所列的各项之间应该用逗号隔开。
Foreign languages were taught by the traditional method at my university. 我所在的大学里用传统的方法教外语。
注意,这与被动语态中by引出动作执行者的用法不一样。比较:
The building was destroyed by fire. 这座建筑被火烧毁了。
I was frightened by the noise.我被那响声吓坏了。
The house is heated by gas. 这房子是煤气供暖的。
The thief was caught by the police. 小偷被警察抓住了。
2. 用于非被动语态的例句
By using the Internet you can do your shopping from home. 使用因特网你可以在家里购物。
They exchanged New Year’s greetings by email. 他们通过电子邮件互致新年问候。
He opened the door by (using) force. 他靠蛮力打开了门。
She succeeded by pure determination. 她完全凭借决心获得了成功。
You can reserve the tickets by phone. 你可以通过电话订票。
Some customers prefer to pay by cheque. 有些客户喜欢用支票支付。