So this is it—senior high school at last! I’m not outgoing so I’m a little anxious right now. I want to make a good first impression. Will I make any friends? What if no one talks to me?
这是2019年版高中英语新教材(人教版)Welcome Unit (p4) 的第一段中的一个句子。请问 what if后面的句子为什么不用虚拟语气?难道不应该是这样吗?
What if no one talked to me?
What if no one talks to me?
这里的 if 从句用不用虚拟语气都可以,但就此处的上下文语境来看,以用陈述语气较为合适,因为作者当时作者自己是有些“压力”的,比如性格不算外向(not outgoing),又有点小担心(a little anxious),还想要给人留下好印象(make a good first impression)……所以他是真有点担心没人理他,也就是说这里的 What if no one talks to me? 在作者看来是真有可能发生的情况,所以用陈述语气比较合适。这主要取决于说话的态度,如果一定要用虚拟语气,也不是不可以。请看下面一句(摘自《麦克米伦高阶》):
What if the boss walked in here now and saw us? 要是老板现在进来看到我们,那怎么办?(这句说的也是既可能发生也可能不发生的情况,但用了虚拟语气)
补充参考:what if 通常可视为 what will happen if...的省略形式,所以 what if...后面的时态,本质上是 if 从句(条件状语从句)的时态。根据一般的语法规则,如果 if 从句的情况确实有可能发生,则句子用陈述语气,if 从句用一般现在表示现在或将来意义。如:
What if the train’s late? 要是火车晚点怎么办?
What if he fails to come? 如果他不来怎么办?
What if he refuses to answer? 如果他拒绝回答怎么办?
如果明显不可能发生的情况或没有发生的情况,则用虚拟语气。如:
What if a star fell from the sky , mummy? 妈妈,要是天上掉下颗星星来怎么办呢?(if 从句用一般过去时表示现在或将来)
Luckily he was there. What if he had arrived in time? 幸亏他当时在那儿。要是他没有及时赶到那怎么办啊?(if 从句用过去完成时表示过去未曾发生的情况)
注意,what if 除了上述用法外,还可表示建议或不重要。如:
What if I do it for you? 你替你做怎么样? (表示建议)
What if she isn't beautiful? 就算她不漂亮那么怎么样? (表示不重要)
此时也可以用一般过去式,语气较一般现在更委婉。如:
What if I came tomorrow instead of this afternoon? 要是我今天下午不来,明天来,怎么样?(《牛津英语用法指南》第571节)
1. what if ... 这一结构用来表达“如果/要是/即使……怎么样/怎么办”。它是 What will happen if...? What will one do if...? 的变式或省略说法。例如:
What if we can't find the lost car?
= What will we do if we can't find the lost car?
What if she doesn't come on time tomorrow?
=What can we do if she doesn't come on time tomorrow?
=What will happen if she doesn't come on time tomorrow?
What if it rains tomorrow?
=What can we do if it rains tomorrow?
=What will happen if it rains tomorrow?
2. 既然what if...是条件复合句的省略说法,自然也可以用于虚拟语气,表示发生的可能性不大。例如:
What if I came tomorrow instead of this afternoon?
= What would happen if I came tomorrow instead of this afternoon?
= What could you do if I came tomorrow instead of this afternoon?
更多虚拟语气的例句:
What if he got a guilty conscience and brought it back?
如果他问心有愧把它带回来呢?
《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
What if it rained and then froze all through those months?
如果那几个月一直下雨然后又结冰该怎么办?
《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
What if there were no water on Earth?
如果地球上没有水怎么办?
So what if sometimes they stayed rather late, it doesn't mean anything.
因此,即便有时他们熬夜到很晚,那也说明不了什么。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
'What if I had said no?''About the apartment, you mean?'
“我要是说了不呢?”“你是说公寓那件事吗?”
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!