请问,You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. 这么写是对的,为什么She is as a good cook as her mother./They are as good cooks as us.却是错的呢?都是形容词+名词的形式。实在有点没看明白。
1. You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. (正)
2. She is as a good cook as her mother.(误)
3. They are as good cooks as us.(误)
这是一个很有意思的问题。是的,句1正确,句2和句3错误。
比较结构 as...as... 和 not so...as...中,第一个as 和否定的 so 表达同样的意思“如此,那样”,都是程度副词。这里有三个问题需要特别注意:
1. 程度副词as 和so 修饰形容词后,后接复数名词和不可数名词为何不可以?而单数可数名词就可以?
2. 程度副词as 和so 修饰形容词后,后面的单数可数名词为何把冠词在形容词之后,而不是之前?即应说:so good a cook, as good a cook,这就是句2错误的原因。
3. 名词前有了many, much, few, little 这4个表示数量概念的限定词,不受上述限制。这为第1句的正确性提供了答案。
又如:
This is a nice picture.(正) → This is so nice a picture. (正)→This is as nice a picture as that. (正)→This is not so nice a picture as that. (正)
These are nice pictures.(正) → These are so nice pictures. (误) → These are as nice pictures as those. (误) → These are not so nice pictures as those. (误)
It is hot water. (正)→ It is so hot water. (误)→ It is as hot water as that. (误)→ It is not so hot water as that. (误)
我个人认为,用于比较结构的as 和so 是一个“过分强调程度的副词”,如果形容词修饰了一个单数的可数名词后,才可以去强调这个形容词。逻辑是:这个过分强调程度的副词突出的应该是一个个体,而不是群体,个体应是可数的个体,而不可数名词不是个体。——所以,这就是为什么被 so 修饰的形容词后,只能是单数可数名词,而不能是复数名词或不可数名词。由于as 和 so 是过分强调的副词,所以需要先说它。又因为它是强调形容词的,所以形容词紧随其后,结果就提到了冠词之前。因此便有了as/so + adj. + a + noun 这个结构。
关于 so many/few books 和 so much/little water,这是因为:many,much,few,little 四个词都是表示数量的“限定词”,不是形容词。so 修饰限定词时,就没有修饰形容词的那个限制,后面可以接复数名词和不可数名词。
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