Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job.
上面一句摘自2021年高考英语全国卷Ⅱ(甲卷)阅读理解A。
请问这里为什么用first-time?first不是也可以表示“第一次”吗?
首次,两者的词性有所不同,first-time 只用作形容词(且只用于名词前作定语,不用作表语),而 first 可以有多种词性,比如形容词(或序数词或限定词)、副词、代词、名词等。
就用作形容词而言,firt-time 侧重动作,指第一次做某事。请注意体会以下用 first-time 的句子(注意用于名词前作定语):
There are plenty of plus points about being an older first-time mum. 年龄稍长再做妈妈有很多好处。
The punishment for a first-time offense of this kind is a fine. 对这类初犯的惩罚是罚款。
They offer a short course to first-time users of the software. 他们为初次使用该软件的人提供短期培训。
First-time visitors to Spain are often surprised by how late people eat. 初次到西班牙的人常常为当地人用餐时间之晚感到意外。
The houses are small and inexpensive, ideal for first-time buyers. 这些房子面积不大,也不贵,适合首次置业者。
"Start slowly" is the key phrase for the first-time marathon runner. 对初次参加马拉松比赛的运动员来说“开始阶段速度要慢”是至理名言。
至于 first 用作形容词,它的基本义是序数词的“第一”,与第二、第三等形成对比,也可由此引申指“最先的”“最早的”“首要的”等。如:
We sat in the first row. 我们坐在第一排。
She won first prize. 她赢得了头等奖。
Your first duty is to your family. 你首要的是对家庭尽责。
There's a meeting on the first Monday of every month. 每月第一个星期一开会。
若要用 frist 表示“第一次”,应说成 the first time(不能用于名词前作定语,但可用作除此之外的其他用法,比如作表语、宾语、状语等)。如:
This is the first time that I’ve heard her sing. 这是我第一次听到她唱歌。
Many officials went to the Washington office for the first time. 很多官员都是第一次到华盛顿办事处。
He passed his driving test the first time. 他第一次参考驾照考试就通过了。
The first time she met David was in a New York bar. 她第一次遇到大卫是在纽约的酒吧里。
另外,the first time还可起连词作用,引导时间状语从句。如:
The first time I flew on a plane I was really nervous. 我第一次乘飞机时确实很紧张。
The first time she went skiing, she broke her leg. 她第一次去滑雪时,把腿摔断了。
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