In May,Julie Nimmons,president of Schutt Sports in Illionois,successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet.
1、这里involving分词作后置定语,是否表一般的状况也就是持久性的特点,而不是表与谓语正在进行的的动作。
是否等于which involves a football player ......
2、这里不可用不定式to involve是否这件事是已经发生的原因?
1. Involve这里是静态动词,静态动词一般是不具有进行的动作的,所以这里还是表示一般形式, involving=which involved...
2. involving这里作后置定语,本来不定式表达原因一般配套的形容词多数是心理感觉的,用在这里恐怕不行。
也许按照国内语法教学的通行说法,这里involving是现在分词,表示一般意义。但我不这样理解,我认为表示进行,很多母语的人也这样认为。多数情况下,现在分词都用来描述当时的进行状态,只有少数逻辑上不允许的除外。母语的人使用ing形式时脑子通常想的就是进行状态,否则说话人不用分词结构。请看国外论坛的一个类似的解答:https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/238779/that-contains-vs-containing
I have a jug that contains 2 litres of water. This means your jug is capable of containing 2 litres.
I have a jug containing 2 litres of water. This means your jug has 2 litres of water in it.
(contain是静态动词)"Containing" is the present participle of the verb "to contain", so this means the item is already in its container. containing 表示水已经在杯子里了,就是因为表示进行的原因。
involving a football player 这里的意思就是这个足球运动员当时涉及到这个诉讼中。这里不能用不定式,因为不符合逻辑,不定式表示目的,如果说fought a lawsuit to involve a football player, 意思是进行诉讼就是为了让这个球员参与进来的意思了。国外论坛的链接也提到用不定式的问题了,你可以看一看。
静态动词和动态动词在有些语境会出现转换,可以使用进行时。请看语料库例句:
1. Stevenage, meanwhile, is involving local people in deciding how to spend community budgets.
2. And he is involving the parents.
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