倍数表示法的理解困惑
章振邦教授的新编高级英语语法348页说：
1976年棉花产量100吨，1987年500吨：
1)The output of cotton in 1987 was five times as much as that of 1976.
2)The output of cotton in 1987 was five times that of 1976.
3)The output of cotton in 1987 was five times what it had been in 1976.
4)The output of cotton was 400% greater than in 1976.
上面，2)为什么可以去掉as much as呢？而且奇怪的是1)和2)这2个句子后面都变成了of 1976, 而不是in 1976 ？
3)句been的表语是what吗？it是指的什么？这里的it和1)和2)句中的that都是指代同样的the output of cotton吗？
4)句为什么不是500% more than in 1976 ？
谢谢专家老师！
最佳答案 2021-06-18 15:38
1)The output of cotton in 1987 was five times as much as that of 1976.
five times起副词的作用，修饰as much. 这是主句。as that of 1976为比较分句，that是比较分句的主语，后面省略了had been.
2)The output of cotton in 1987 was five times that of 1976.
five times作为前位限定词限定名词替代词that，that=the output of cotton. 这是简单句，that是句子的表语。
3)The output of cotton in 1987 was five times what it had been in 1976.
five times仍然是限定词，限定what，what为融合型关系代词，在此等于the amount that，即句子等于：
The output of cotton in 1987 was five times the amount that it had been in 1976. it指代the output of cotton.
4)The output of cotton was 400% greater than in 1976.
当比较级被倍数词修饰时，意义等于as+原级被倍数词修饰。即：
The output of cotton was five times greater than in 1976.
= The output of cotton was five times as much as in 1976.
当如果比较级被百分数修饰，则意义不同于百分数修饰as+原级。例如：
The output of cotton was 400% greater than in 1976.
= The output of cotton was 500% as much as in 1976.
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