一、get 与be 的纠葛 

我们知道，英语的被动语态结构是“be+过去分词”，但在实际语言中，却存在着大量“get+过去分词”表被动的情况。例如：She got burned while she was cooking in the kitchen. 这个句子为何不用was burned，而用got burned?

英语中，“be+过去分词”和“get+过去分词”都表示被动语态，但它们是有区别的。请比较：

The vase was broken by the maid, but the master wanted to know how it got broken. 花瓶被女仆人打破了，但主人想知道它是怎样被打破的。

通过分析对比，我们发现：was broken 表示“一种既成的结果”，说明花瓶被人打破了；got broken则强调“一种过程或动作”，说明它是怎么被打破的。刚才那个句子也属于这种情况。又如：

The children were lost in the forest. I wonder how they got lost. 孩子们在森林里迷了路。我不知道他们是怎么迷路的。　　　　

除此以外，“get +过去分词”和“be +过去分词”还有一些其他方面的区别。

1.“get+过去分词”往往强调一种突发或偶发事件，多为不愿看到的事情。例如：

He got injured by a car when he was crossing the road. 过马路时他被车撞伤了。

The picture got damaged when we were moving. 我们搬家时，这幅画受了损。

The miners got trapped in the deep mine last Tuesday. 上周二矿工们被困在深井中。

2.“get+过去分词”在表示强调、否定和疑问时，需借助助动词do或did，而“be +过去分词”则不需要。例如：

They did get caught in the rain last night. 他们昨天晚上确实被雨淋着了。

Tom didn’t get beaten yesterday evening. 汤姆昨天晚上没有挨打。

Did your letter get answered? 你收到回信了吗？

3.“get+过去分词”可以有进行时态，表示一种“渐变过程”；而“be+过去分词”则没有。例如：

The students are getting prepared for the sports meeting. 学生们正在为运动会做准备。

She was getting worried about her exams. 她当时正在为考试发愁呢。

You will be getting puzzled if you don’t know the truth. 如果你不了解实情，你会变得迷惑不解。

除了上述的区别外，“get +过去分词”还常用于以下几种情况：

1. 强调进入或者变为某种不利状态。例如：

We don’t want any of you to get lost in the crowd. 我们不想你们任何人在人群中迷路。

He went out and got drunk. 他出去喝醉了酒。

The secret got known at 10 o’clock. 秘密在十点钟就被人们知道了。

2. 常用于日常生活起居，过去分词具有反身意义，相当于“主动语态+oneself”。例如：

He could not wash himself or get dressed. 他既不会洗刷，也不会穿衣。(=dress himself)

She got washed after she came back home from work. 她下班回到家后洗了澡。(=washed herself)

They began to watch TV as soon as they got seated. 他们一坐下就看电视。(=seated themselves)　

3. 强调由一种状态渐渐变为另一种状态，如习惯、好恶等。例如：

She soon got tired of learning English. 很快她就对学英语厌倦了。

You will soon get used to this kind of work.你很快就会习惯这种工作。

Some teenagers don’t realize what a difficult life it can be after they get addicted to drugs. 一些青少年认识不到在他们沉溺于毒品后，生活是多么艰难。

4. 强调引起心理和情感上的变化。例如：

She got very pleased with her new room. 她对她的新房间颇为满意。

I got surprised at the news. 这消息使我吃惊。

I think the kids will get amused at the magic. 我觉得孩子们将会被魔术逗乐。

二、“get + 过去分词”为哪般？

前文《get与be的纠葛》，主要论述“get +过去分词”和“be+过去分词”的区别。那么，可能有人要问，它们的区别已经了解，现在的问题是，英语中有哪些动词的过去分词，经常用在“get +过去分词”结构中？

“get +过去分词”，在英语中是一个比较常见的语言现象，在阅读中可以说俯拾皆是。但许多学生对该结构的用法并不是十分熟悉，尤其是不知道它与普通的被动语态有何区别，不知道其中的“过去分词”是否有什么特别的限制。作为教师，我们有必要做一总结。

1. 用于“get +过去分词”结构的过去分词，经常是表示日常起居和生活类的及物动词。例如：

He could not wash himself or get dressed. 他既不会洗刷，也不会穿衣。

She got washed after she came back home from work. 她下班回到家后洗了澡。

They began to watch TV as soon as they got seated. 他们一坐下就看电视。

He got shaved and then went down the stairs. 他刮完脸，然后走下楼梯。

They were walking out for years before they got married. 他们恋爱多年才结婚。

2. 用于“get +过去分词”结构的过去分词，往往是一些表示心理和情绪变化，以及习惯形成的“使令性动词”。例如：

She got very pleased with her new room. 她对她的新房间颇为满意。

I got surprised at the news. 这消息使我吃惊。

I think the kids will get amused at the magic. 我觉得孩子们将会被魔术逗乐。

She soon got tired of learning English. 很快她就对学英语厌倦了。

You will soon get used to this kind of work.你很快就会习惯这种工作。

You will soon get accustomed to the climate here.你会很快习惯这里的气候的。

Some teenagers don’t realize what a difficult life it can be after they get addicted to drugs. 一些青少年认识不到在他们沉溺于毒品后，生活是多么艰难。

3. 用于“get +过去分词”结构的过去分词，其动词多为表示“负面的、消极的、突发偶发事件，或者人们不愿意发生的事情”。例如：

I tried to find my way round London without a map and got lost. 我试图不带地图在伦敦寻路，结果迷路了。

I never drank in order to get drunk. 我喝酒从来不是为了要买醉。

We were surprised at the news that she got divorced. 听到她离婚的消息，我们都很惊讶。

He got injured by a car when he was crossing the road. 过马路时他被车撞伤了。

The picture got damaged when we were moving. 我们搬家时，这幅画受了损。

The miners got trapped in the deep mine last Tuesday. 上周二矿工们被困在深井中。

They did get caught in the rain last night. 他们昨天晚上确实被雨淋着了。

Tom didn’t get beaten yesterday evening. 汤姆昨天晚上没有挨打。

She got burned while she was cooking in the kitchen. 她在厨房做饭时被烫伤。

I got drunk for the first time in my life last night. 昨晚我有生以来第一次喝醉了。

She nearly got hit by a car. 她差点被汽车撞上了。

Don’t play with knives. You might get hurt. 不要玩刀子，说不定会伤着自己。

Happily none got killed in that accident. 幸亏那起车祸没有造成死亡。

I gave you a map so you wouldn’t get lost. 我给你一张地图 这样你就不会迷路了。

The food will get burnt if you don’t take it away from the fire. 如果你不把食物从火上拿开，就会被烧掉。

The water in the river is getting polluted. 河里的水即将被污染。

Tom got punished because he had not finished his homework. 汤姆因没完成作业，而受到惩罚。

My watch got broken while I was playing with the children.我跟孩子们玩的时候把表弄坏了。

She was getting worried about her exams. 她当时正在为考试发愁呢。

You will be getting puzzled if you don’t know the truth. 如果你不了解实情，你会变得迷惑不解。

The car got stuck in the mud because of the heavy rain. 因为大雨，汽车陷在泥里。

The man got locked up and sentenced to a quarter century. 那人坐了牢，被判刑三分之一世纪。

I got scolded for not doing my homework. 我因为没做功课而被责骂。

Our team got beaten by the visitors. 我们的队被客队打败了。

Every year some people get struck by lightning. 每年都有一些人被闪电击中。

You have fooled me, but we can't get fooled again. 你骗了我一次，但我们不会再上当了。

The secret got known at 10 o’clock. 秘密在十点钟就被人们知道了。