不定式完成式

1)He is pround to have taken part in the Asian Games and to have broken a record.
2)I'm sorry to hear that your grandmother is ill.
3)On arriving home , Jack was surprised to find his door open.
问:语法上说当不定式的动词发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前时,不定式要用完成时。句1就是如此,在已经“参加”和“打破”之后才能“骄傲”。但能不能让taken和broken共用一个to have 所以把broken前的to have省掉?   句2,句3的不定式to hear 和to find 不都发生在谓语部分sorry 、surprised之前发生才产生这样的情感,那为什么却没用不定式的完成式呢?

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刘永科   - 教育出版集团英语总顾问 & 英语系列图书主编
擅长:语法理论,语言学,文化背景

1)He is pround to have taken part in the Asian Games and broken a record.(直接使用broken 更简练。由于 is proud 可以事后自豪,也可以事先自豪,所以,如果不定式是to take part in... 那么,对于将要参加感到自豪;如果不定式是to have taken part in... 那么,就是对于已经参加感到自豪。)

2)I'm sorry to hear that your grandmother is ill.(关键词:语境、口语、简练,不定式一般体表示早于谓语动词。逻辑也暗示不定式动作业已发生。)
3)On arriving home , Jack was surprised to find his door open.(On arriving home,was suiprised 表示过去已经发生。不定式表示原因不管使用什么形式,逻辑上都要早于结果: was surprised。如果改为将来时:Jack would be surprised to find his door open. 那么,to find his door open 表示条件,尚未发生。这说明,不定式动作是否已经发生取决于谓语动词的时态。)

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  • floatcat 提出于 2021-02-03 10:48