动词不定式的完成式可以作定语和宾语补足语吗?
这是一个有趣的问题。从理论上讲,动词不定式的动作只要是早于另一个可比的动词,而且,句子意思需要表达出先后关系,那么,这个不定式就应使用完成式。动词不定式作状语时,其完成式会经常见到。如:He was happy to have solved the problem.
一、动词不定式的完成式作定语:说明动作发生在谓语动词之前。
It is the first gorilla to have been taught sign language. 它是学习手势语的第一只大猩猩。
Mrs. Curie was the first person to have discovered the element radium. 居里夫人是发现镭元素的第一人。
I have the honor to have been sent as their representative. 我很荣幸被派来作他们的代表。
二、动词不定式的完成式作宾补:说明动作发生在谓语动词之前。这类动词多为表示“观点、看法”的动词。
I believe it to have been a mistake. 我认为这一直就是错的。
People think (suppose, believe, consider) the sea to have been the cradle of life. 人们认为海洋是生命的发源地。
We all considered him to have acted disgracefully. 我们都认为他的行为很不光彩。
People discovered him to have been a spy. 人们发现他原来是间谍。
Nobody doubts him to have been honest. 没有人怀疑他曾经是诚实的。
We consider him to have been there many times. 我们认为他到过那儿多次了。
I know him to have been a promising student of intelligence and ability. 我确信在智慧和能力方面他是一个很有希望的学生。
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