I went to school three days later. later 是时间副词。指某段时间过后的那个时刻。three days 是名词词组,修饰later,具体说明 later 的时间,可以引申出许多类似的词组:ten days later, three weeks later, two years later。later 的这个用法跟副词 ago。 有完全相同的用法,只是意思不同而已。例如:ten days ago, three weeks ago, two years ago 等。
英语中,名词词组用作程度状语修饰形容词或副词,是很常见的。例如:ten years old(ten years 修饰 old),two meters long (two meters 修饰 long),three days ago (three days 修饰 ago),three days before(three days 修饰 before),three days later(three days修饰 later)。
这是名词词组、副词用法,用作程度副词。再如:He is old. 具体多么老 ——He is fifty years old. I went to school later. (我后来上学去了。)具体是多少天的后来—— I went to school three days later. 至此,应该很明白了吧?我给出了足够的例句和说明。