下面一句摘自2014年江苏高考英语阅读理解真题:
To me, June 6, 1990 is a special day. My long-awaited dream came true the minute your father cried, “A girl!”
请问句中的 long-awaited 可以换成 long-waited 吗?两者有何区别?谢谢!
▲这是一个有趣的问题。我个人的看法是:英语习惯上要有 long-awaited(长期等待的,翘首以待的,期待已久的),一般不用 long-waited。事实上,你在许多词典可以查到这个复合形容词,如:
1.《柯林斯高级英语学习词典》第5版:
long-awaited adj. A long-awaited event or thing is one that someone has been waiting for for a long time.
2.《剑桥高级学习词典》第3版:
long-awaited adj. having been expected for a long time:
3.《朗文当代英语词典》第4版:
long-awaited adj [only before noun] a long-awaited event, moment etc is one that you have been waiting a long time for
4.《牛津高阶英语词典》第6版:
long-awaited adj. that people have been waiting for for a long time: her long-awaited new novel
▲但你在以上词典或其他词典查不到 long-waited 这个词。
这里之所以要用 awaited,我觉得主要是因为被修饰名词与它有被动关系,所以要用及物动词 await,而不用不及物动词 wait。比如:
a long-awaited letter
= a letter which is awaited long 期盼已久的来信
a long awaited autobiography
= an autobiography which is awaited long 令人期待已久的一本自传
注意体会以下各句(均摘自原版英语词典和语法著作),被修饰名词与awaited之间均具有被动关系:
Her long-awaited new novel is finally being published. 她期盼已久的新书终于出版了。
Opera in Britain is enjoying a long-awaited renaissance. 在英国戏剧正在复兴,这是人们期待已久的好事。
She has finally delivered herself of her long-awaited third novel. 她终于出版了她期盼已久的第三本小说。
For many, their long-awaited homecoming was a bitter disappointment. 对许多人来说,他们期盼已久的还乡之行却令他们大失所望。
Several long-awaited videos will finally arrive in the shops this month. 几部让人翘首企盼的录像片终于将在这个月到货。
They’re now shipping their long-awaited MS-DOS version of the X-Window System. 他们现正推出期待已久的X-Windown系统的MS-DOS版本。
Last week the commission published its long-awaited report on the problem of teenage pregnancies. 上周委员会公布了人们期盼已久的关于少女妊娠问题的报告。
Present tonight at the long-awaited opening of this film are a whole galaxy of stars from the acting and musical professions. 人们期待已久的电影首映式今晚举行,一大批影星歌星前来捧场。
▲顺便说一句,我在 BNC(英国国家语料库)上输入 long-waited 查了一下,没有查到了一例。但在英文版的 China Daily(中国日报)上输入 long-waited 查了一下,倒是查到不少例证。因此我们有理由认为China Daily 上对于long-waited 的使用是不妥的,至少是规范的!或者我们也可以认为这是中国日报对 long-awaited 的一个想当然误用。
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▲await 是及物动词,用法上相当于wait for,多用于书面语。如:
We now await your early reply with interest. 恭候回音。
▲当await 的非谓语形式作定语时,由于被修饰词与其存在被动关系,故使用过去分词作定语。之前通常加上时间副词long,表示“被等待的时间长”,整个词组意为:“等待已久的;期待已久的”。其构成有3种形式:long-awaied, long awaited, longawaited (较少使用)。例如:
1. She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile. 她带着含泪的微笑读那封盼望已久的信。
2. The long awaited World Cup Football Match will begin in France. 期待已久的世界杯足球赛就要在法国拉开序幕了。
▲从语法角度考虑,long-waited 似乎不存在,因为wait 是不及物动词,它跟被修饰语无法形成被动关系,只有主动关系。所以,作定语时只能使用现在分词。例如:
He saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car. 他发现有两个贼从一家商店里跑出来,向一辆等候着的小汽车跑去。
He went directly to the waiting man. 他径直向那个男侍者走去。
如果现实语言中确有long-waited dream 这个说法,我认为也是不符合语法规则的。
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