seemed to have done可从it seems that从句转变而来吗

  1. He seemed to have decided on going.

      = It seems that he (has) decided on going.

         他好像决定要去了。

  2. He seemed to have decided on going.

      = It seemed that he had decided on going.

         他好像已经决定要去了。

                      (《英汉多功能词典》新编升级版p.1515)

 问: 1. It seems that he (has) decided on going.

           = He seemed to have decided on going.
        这样的描述对吗? 改成 He
seemed to decide on going.是不是更好? 这里用seemed to have done是受decide的影响?

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最佳答案 2020-11-03 08:20

A) It seems that he (has) decided on going.

B) He seems to have decided on going.

是的,B句是由A句转换而来的。

A句中,it 为形式主语,that是真正主语从句。动词seems只有一个论元(argument),即that从句。

B句中,He只是语法上的主语,并不是seems语义上的主语。语义上he仍然是decide的主语。换句话说,seems的从句(次一级的结构)中的主语he提升到高一级的结构(主句)中作主语,原次级结构的谓语动词改为不定式作主语补足语。不定式的形式须根据相对于seems的时间关系作形式上的调整。例如A句中seems为现在时间,that从句谓语为现在完成时或一般过去时,无论是哪个时态,decide的动作都是在seems表示的现在时间之前发生的,所以改为B句后,seems的时态不变,仍然是现在时间,不定式必须改为完成体to have decided, 表示decide的动作是先于seems的现在时间的。

《剑桥英语语法》把B句称为提升主语结构(raised subject construction)。

作这种转换时,seem的时态是不能改变的。

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黎反修   - 英语翻译 (已退休)
擅长:数词用法,存在句,英语考试

 

 问: 1. It seems that he (has) decided on going.

           = He seemed to have decided on going.
        这样的描述对吗? 改成 He seemed to decide on going.是不是更好? 这里用seemed to have done是受decide的影响?

     【答】seemed to have decided 所表示的含义是“决定”这个动作发生在 seemed 之前; seemed to decide 表示“决定”这个动作发生在 seemed 的同时。所以,不能把 He seemed to have decided on going  改成 He seemed to decide on going.


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  • noop 提出于 2020-10-31 10:29

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