关于悬空不定式中的不定式的成分问题

老师好,请抽时间帮分析一下如下不定式作什么成分?

1):The dispute‍ needed a great deal of tact to resolve .

The dispute主语,needed谓语,a great deal of tact是宾语,to resolve是定语修饰宾语还是作状语修饰?作状语修饰啥?如果作定语,由于是悬空结构总感觉少了啥。

2):The letter‍ took me all morning to write . 主语为the letter,谓语动词took,me为间接宾语;all morning是直接宾语, to write是all morning的后置定语还是作状语?作状语修饰啥呢?

3):The decision is for you to make.这里是for you to make作表语么?

4):The car cost over $1000 to repair,这里to repair作啥成份,修饰谁?

5):The assignment is an absolute pain to do“ ”(v);

谢谢老师!

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最佳答案 2020-10-02 16:58

1)The dispute‍ needed a great deal of tact to resolve.
2)The letter‍ took me all morning to write.
3)The decision is for you to make.
4)The car cost over $1000 to repair.
5)The assignment is an absolute pain to do (?)

 

一、句子1,2,4,是一样的的结构。句2稍微不一样,是多了一个间接宾语 me,其他都一样。need,take 和 cost 这三个动词,在表意上是相同的,都是指某事物“需要、花费时间、金钱、精力等才得以被做到”。三个不定式都是反射不定式,其逻辑宾语就是句子开头的主语。关于不定式的句子成分,可以有两种划分:

1. 从句意角度理解,可以看作“方面状语”。

2. 从结构角度分析,可以看作“补充性状语”。

 

二、句5比较简单。类似 This is a difficult job to do.  是反射不定式,作表语的定语。

 

三、关于句3,比较复杂一些。它本身并不复杂,关键是类似的一些表达很相似,很复杂。比较分析如下(仔细体会):

1. The decision is for you to make.(反射不定式,不定式复合结构作表语)

= You are to make the decision.

= You should make the decision.

2. It is for you to make the decision.(不定式作真正主语)

= It depends on you to make the decision.

= It is up to you to make the decision.

3. It is easy for you to make the decision. (不定式复合结构作真正主语)

4. This decision is easy for you to make. (反射不定式,不定式复合结构作形容词补足语)

5. This decision is easy enough for you to make. (反射不定式,不定式复合结构作结果状语)

6. We are waiting for you to make the decision. (不定式复合结构,作目的状语)

7. We are eager for you to make the decision. (不定式复合结构,作形容词补足语)

8. There is a decision for you to make. (反射不定式,不定式复合结构作定语)

9. We made a decision for you to resign from office. (不定式复合结构作定语,表示同位关系)

10. The decision is for you to resign from office. (不定式复合结构作表语,说明主语的内容)

 

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  • Leo4037 提出于 2020-10-02 00:37

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