it作形式宾语指代-ing分句

在夸克大全 18.35 Extraposition of a clausal object中写道:

When the object is an -ing clause in SVOC and SVOA clause types, it can undergo extraposition; when it is a to-infinitive clause or a that-clause, it must do so:

You must find it exciting working here. [1]

You must find working here exciting. [1a]

I made settling the matter my prime objective. [2]

* I made it my prime objective settling the matter. [2a]

这其中,[1][1a]是同样的意思,那么为什么[2][2a]不是,并且[2a]是错误的句子呢?

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最佳答案 2020-10-07 23:03

夸克只是指出2a是错误的,并没有解释为什么是错误的。

《剑桥英语语法》在外置结构的语法制约因素中指出,当主语和表语为确认关系时,外置结构是不允许的。即表语为确认性表语时,不能使用外置结构。例如:

How she escaped is the question we ought to be addressing.

= The question we ought to be addressing is how she escaped.

这个句子的表语为确认性表语,主语和表语可以互换功能。这样的主语是不能采用外置结构的。下句为错误:

It is the question we ought to be addressing how she escaped. 错误。


同理,宾语和宾补如果是确认性关系,也是不能采用外置结构的。

I made settling the matter my prime objective.

Setting the matter is my prime objective.

My prime objective is setting the matter.

A=B, B=A, 主语和表语是确认性关系。当宾补与宾语是确认性关系时,宾语不可以外置。所以:

I made it my prime objecitve setting the matter. 错误(确认性宾补,宾语不可外置)


You must find working here exciting.

Working here is exciting. exciting为归属性表语

但不能说:Exciting is working here. (错误)

所以,当宾补为归属性宾补时,作宾语的动名词短语可以外置,也可以不外置。

You must find it exciting working here. 正确(归属性宾补,动名词作宾语可以外置)。

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  • kevin4fly 提出于 2020-09-28 14:25