在夸克大全 18.35 Extraposition of a clausal object中写道:
When the object is an -ing clause in SVOC and SVOA clause types, it can undergo extraposition; when it is a to-infinitive clause or a that-clause, it must do so:
You must find it exciting working here. [1]
You must find working here exciting. [1a]
I made settling the matter my prime objective. [2]
* I made it my prime objective settling the matter. [2a]
这其中,[1]和[1a]是同样的意思,那么为什么[2]和[2a]不是,并且[2a]是错误的句子呢?
夸克只是指出2a是错误的,并没有解释为什么是错误的。
《剑桥英语语法》在外置结构的语法制约因素中指出,当主语和表语为确认关系时,外置结构是不允许的。即表语为确认性表语时,不能使用外置结构。例如:
How she escaped is the question we ought to be addressing.
= The question we ought to be addressing is how she escaped.
这个句子的表语为确认性表语,主语和表语可以互换功能。这样的主语是不能采用外置结构的。下句为错误:
It is the question we ought to be addressing how she escaped. 错误。
同理,宾语和宾补如果是确认性关系,也是不能采用外置结构的。
I made settling the matter my prime objective.
Setting the matter is my prime objective.
My prime objective is setting the matter.
A=B, B=A, 主语和表语是确认性关系。当宾补与宾语是确认性关系时,宾语不可以外置。所以:
I made it my prime objecitve setting the matter. 错误(确认性宾补,宾语不可外置)
You must find working here exciting.
Working here is exciting. exciting为归属性表语
但不能说:Exciting is working here. (错误)
所以,当宾补为归属性宾补时,作宾语的动名词短语可以外置,也可以不外置。
You must find it exciting working here. 正确(归属性宾补,动名词作宾语可以外置)。
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!