1) Four years ago Donald Trump pulled off a major surprise by becoming the first republican presidential candidate to win Michigan since 1988.
2)Lower turnout allowed Trump to eke out a victory by about 10700 votes out of more than 4.5 million ballots cast in the state.
上述2句,
第一句中的by becoming...中的by是什么意思?是表示“原因:因为,由于”, 还是“通过,借助” 呢?
而第二句中的by about 10700 votes...是什么意思呢?是“通过,借助”,还是也可是表示“原因:因为,由于”,或者应该为牛津词典显示的
used to show the degree or amount of sth (表示程度、数量)呢???