A. had done + since:
since前面的句子可以采用过去完成时态had done:
Since the party she had only spoken to him once.(那次派对之后,她只和他说过一次话。)
B. was + since + had done:
since后边的从句也可以用过去完成时态:
It was exactly five years since her father had died.
C. had done + since + had done:
since前后都可以采用过去完成时态had done:
It was the first time I had had visitors since I had moved to London.(那是我搬到伦敦后第一次有人来看我。)
D. ...since + have done:
since后边可以采用现在完成时态:
It's twenty years since I've seen her.(我和她有二十年没有见过面了。)
E. do + since + have done/have been doing:
since前面主句可以采用一般现在时态或现在进行时态:
You look great since you've been taking those exercise classes.
A. had done + since:
since前面的句子可以采用过去完成时态had done:
Since the party she had only spoken to him once.(那次派对之后,她只和他说过一次话。)
since既可以表示从过去到现在这段时间(说话人关心现在),也可以表示从过去到后来的另一个过去时间(说话人关心的是后一个过去时间)。本句中since就是后一种意义。这时主句用过去完成时。这样的句子是很多的。
B. was + since + had done:
since后边的从句也可以用过去完成时态:
It was exactly five years since her father had died.
逻辑:她父亲死亡在先,过了五年,it was five years. 所以since从句用过去完成时表示过去的过去。since从句用一般过去时也可以,不至于导致误解。
C. had done + since + had done:
since前后都可以采用过去完成时态had done:
It was the first time I had had visitors since I had moved to London.(那是我搬到伦敦后第一次有人来看我。)
since从句的动作在had visitor之前,用过去完成时不算错。但since的语义决定了动作的先后,故从句的过去完成时属于多余,可以改用一般过去时,这样更为简洁。
D. ...since + have done:
since后边可以采用现在完成时态:
It's twenty years since I've seen her.(我和她有二十年没有见过面了。)
在这个句型中,现在完成时和一般过去时意义相同,现在完成时不及一般过去时常用。改为since I last saw her. 更为自然。
E. do + since + have done/have been doing:
since前面主句可以采用一般现在时态或现在进行时态:
You look great since you've been taking those exercise classes.
since从句用现在完成进行时表示该动作从过去一直持续到现在,look great的起点为现在完成进行时这个动作持续过程中的某一点。这个句子是非正式语体。主句谓语动词按理应该用现在完成时have looked.
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