对于 need / may / might / can / could / should + have done 结构,后面的反义疑问句附加部分怎么办?
He could have helped me (yesterday),_______?
A. haven't he
B. didn't he
You should have done it, ________?
There may be a mistake, _______ isn't there?
学生想就此问题听听专家老师详细有条理的指导,非常感谢您。
一、 must 是情态动词,薄冰教授在《英语惯用法词典》中的下列论述,对于了解“情态动词+have done后的附加疑问句”的用法很有帮助:
当“ must + 完成式”表示对过去情况推测时,反意疑问句要用 have 或 has 。例如:You must have seen the film "Shaolin Brothers" , haven't you ? 想必你一定看过电影《少林寺弟子》,是不是?/ He must have been to Beijing , hasn't he ? 他一定去过北京,对不对?
但若句中有明确表示过去的时间状语( before 除外 ),反意疑问句最好用 did 。例如:He must have gone to Shanghai yesterday , didn't he ? 他昨天一定到上海去了,对不对?/ She must have attended the meeting yesterday evening , didn't she ? 她昨晚肯定参加了会议,对吗?
二、有人认为,“must + 完成时”表示推测时,附加疑问句不可用 must(n't) 形式。但在现代英语中这样的用法已屡见不鲜了。例如:It must have been Tom , mustn't it ? 那一定是汤姆,对吧?You must have told Mr. Smith the secret , mustn't you ? 你肯定把那个秘密告诉了史密斯先生,不是吗?(王福祯、王芳、许鸿主编:《英语词语用法详解词典》p.635)