Through the course of my schooling,I met many teachers,two of them
having influenced me greatly.
having influenced 为什么不是现在完成时,而是非谓语的独立主格结构
注意以下四个句子中并列连词、分号以及逗号与后面部分动词形式之间的关系:
1 Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, and two of them had influenced me greatly. 并列连词and, 所以后面为并列分句,故用限定动词形式作谓语。A分句和B分句处于同等重要的地位。
2 Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers;two of them had influenced me greatly. 分号起并列连词作用,后面为并列分句,故用限定动词形式作谓语。A分句和B分句处于同等重要的地位。
3 Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, two of whom had influenced me greatly. 逗号连接,排除并列。关系代词whom为从属标记,构成主从复合句,two of whom引导非限制性定语从句, 故从句用限定动词作谓语。主句为重要信息,从句为次要信息,仅为补充说明。
4 Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, two of them having
influenced me greatly. 逗号连接,排除并列句,them为人称代词,也没有从属标记,故后面不可能是谓语形式,只能是非谓语动词。现在分词作状语带有自己的逻辑主语,这就是独立主格结构。谓语动词为表示的为主要信息,非谓语动词作状语为修饰语,为次要信息。
所以,说话人根据自己表意的需要,可以采用以上不同结构。
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two of them having influenced me greatly是独立主格结构作状语,表补充说明。又如:
All the stones are very heavy, one of them weighing over 3 tons. 所有的石头都很重,其中有一块重达三吨多。
▲当然,如果用完成时态作谓语,则句子结构需要作相应的调整。即:
Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, and two of them had influenced me greatly. (并列句)
Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, two of whom had influenced me greatly. (非限制性定语从句)
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Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, two of them having influenced me greatly.
在一个完整的单句或从句中,谓语动词需要时态和语态。如果不是,则考虑使用非限定形式,例如分词或独立主格。teachers 后面是逗号,而且没有任何连词,意味着下面不是完整的分句,所以用了独立主格结构。你的句子可以有以下几种表达,要知道为什么。
Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, two of them having influenced me greatly. (独立主格)
Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, and two of them influenced me greatly. (and 连接的并列句)
Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, two of whom influenced me greatly. (非限制性定语从句)
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