本网上看过当初几位老师争论的一个帖子,就只举一个例子来分析和讨论吧,希望各位老师不吝赐教。另外,就今天我问过管理员,他们正在维护网站,所以目前不能充值,应该下周可以恢复,我是刚刚加入,所以暂时没有鲜花哈,后面希望来弥补。 我个人是工科出身,英语爱好者,但是进步不大,希望能够多多提高吧。
The submarine was found on August 11, about 15 hours after it had departed Copenhagen.
我记得的曹老师对句子有解析如下(不好意思,我只是按照我的理解,希望没有误解老师的意思)
On August 11和About 15 hours after it had departed Copenhagen为两个时间短语,均作为时间状语,前者为通过日历确定谓语动作的时间定位;后者为事件/语境状语,从与其他事件的相互时间差来确定其时间定位,两者均作为时间状语从不同角度和维度修饰谓语动词(描述谓语的时间位置).它们之间不存在修饰关系,但存在序列/等级关系.
曹老师这个解释我是比较赞成的,但是我还是喜欢事情从逆向思维多问一下:如果这样分析成立,那么如果改成疑问句后再回答呢?
问-When was submarine was found?
答-It's on August 11, about 15 hours after it had departed Copenhagen.
这个应该没问题吧?如果这样没问题,那么
It's on August 11, about 15 hours after it had departed Copenhagen.应该如何划分句子成分呢?
能否把 on August 11, about 15 hours after it had departed Copenhagen看成一个整体呢?如果看成一个整体,那不就是刘老师的解释了么?如果看成一个整体,那么就和当初分析的矛盾了。如果不看成整体,当初正向思维分析是把On august 11和about 15 hours after it had departed Copenhagen看成2个独立的状语从不同角度修饰谓语动词,在这里On August 11是表语,那么后者about 15 hours after it had departed Copenhagen是啥子成分呢?
问-When was submarine was found?
问句应改为 When was the submarine found?
答-It was on August 11, about 15 hours after it had departed Copenhagen.
答句表面看是是个主系表结构,其实这是省略了that从句的强调句型。即:
It was on August 11, about 15 hours after it had departed Copenhagen that the submatine was found.
你应该注意,it并不是指代the submatine, 也不是表示时间,而是强调句型It was... that...中的it。
类似的结构:
(有人敲门。)
问:Who is it (that is knocking at the door)?
答:It's me (that is knocking).
强调句型可以同时强调二个状语。例如:
I bought this shirt yesterday in the market.
It was yesterday in the market that I bought this shirt.
所以,强调句型同时强调二个时间状语也是完全可以的。
所以,陈述句中可以有二个时间状语从不同角度描述同一个动作发生的时间(你已经赞同),那么在强调句型中同时强调二个时间状语又有何不可呢?
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