章振邦语法书上说:某些连接副词consequently,furthermore,hence,however,nevertheless,therefore等也用作并列标记,在这些副词之前要用分号,而不能用逗号。
例如:
1)以however 举例我发现韦氏词典上:
I'd like to go; however, I'd better not. [=I'd like to go, but I should not]
The forecast is bad. It's possible, however, that conditions could improve.
Sales are up this quarter. However, expenses have increased as well.
为什么上面3句however前有的是用了; 但有的的仍然是, 为什么呢?
2)I had arrived early as was my habit; I, therefore, felt priviledged to take my leave without delay.
这句中therefore和I 前用了; 请教老师as was my habit中的as 是什么词性,作什么成分? 谢谢!
可以换成as it was my habit, 即加it吗?
1 首先,我不相信章振邦会说连词副词也用作并列标记。我估计这是你曲解了章振邦的意思。并列标记意味着在语法上前后二个结构为并列关系。例如并列连词and,but等,以及分号为并列标记,表示前后二个分句为并列句。但连接副词并没有语法上的并列标记作用,它仅仅是在语义上表示前后二个分句之间存在某知逻辑关系,但在语法上,连接副词属于后一个分句。这就是为什么连词副词所在的分句与前一个分句要用分号,或者前一分句用句号,连接副词所在的分句另起一句。一句话,连接副词不是并列标记,如果要和前面的分句并列,就需要分号作为并列标记。
连接副词通常与分句其它部分用逗号隔开。最常见的是位于分句句首,其后用逗号。但也可以位于主语和谓语之间,前后用逗号隔开。偶尔连接性状语也可用于句末,前面用逗号隔开。
2 韦氏词典的例句都是标准的连接副词用法。
I'd like to go; however, I'd better not. [=I'd like to go, but I should not]
however用在并列句中,分号为并列标记。
The forecast is bad. It's possible, however, that conditions could improve.
连接副词用在独立分句中,前后用逗号隔开。
Sales are up this quarter. However, expenses have increased as well.
连接副词用于独立分句中。
3 I had arrived early as was my habit; I, therefore, felt priviledged to take my leave without delay.
连接副词用于分号连接的并列句中,插入主语和谓语动词之间,前后用逗号隔开。
as was my habit 为方式状语从句。as引导的方式状语从句属于比较分句范畴,所以as的作用如同其它比较分句,分句采用缩减形式为其常规。
as was my habit 如果补全(仅仅处于解释的目的,实际不可补全)的话:
= as it was my mabit that I would arrive early 即从句省略了形式主语it和that引导的主语从句。由于整个主句为比较项, that从句的内容为比较对应项,所以that从句是不可补全的,必须省略。
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