I was riding my bike very fast round that corner when I hit a stone and came to grief over there. 我骑着车快速地绕过那个拐角时,撞在一块石头上受了伤。
上面这个句子很有意思:从结构上看,它是一个主从复合句:
主句是:I was riding my bike very fast round that corner
从句是:when I hit a stone and came to grief over there
但有趣的是:句子的翻译将主句翻译成了“当……时”,而且句子意思也很通顺。你说怪不怪?请专家老师分析一下,谢谢!
对于问题中 when 的用法,赵振才教授在《英语常见问题解答大词典》增订版第四版作了很详细的解答,现摘录其中的部分内容(原文):
这里的 when 并不是引导一个时间状语从句来修饰另一个分句的谓语,恰恰相反,倒是前一个分句为when分句提供了一个时间背景。有的语法学家因此把这种类型的句子叫做并列句。在一般的主从复合句里,从句所包含的信息,与主句相比大都处于陪衬地位。而这里的when分句所包含的却是重要信息。...... 因此,英译汉时必须把这层意思表达出来。表达方法,一是将when译为“这时”(= at that time)、“突然”,二是把when分句译在句子的末尾这一突出重要信息的位置 ......(p.1647)
当位于句末的when分句具有此种用法时,它前面的分句大致有三种情况:
A. when分句前面的分句使用过去进行时:
He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in . 他正笑着的时候,门突然开了,他妻子走了进来。
......
B. when分句之前的分句用了was (were) about to, was (were) on the point of:
We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要出发,就开始下雨了。
......
C. when分句之前的分句用了过去完成时或过去完成进行时:
I had nearly reached the town , when the young man suddenly said , very slowly , “Do you speak English? ” (New Concept English, Book 2, L. 14 ) 在快到达城镇时,那个年轻人突然慢慢地说:“你会说英语吗?”
......(p.1649)
I was riding my bike very fast round that corner when I hit a stone and came to grief over there.
when在这里的用法,不是从属连词,而是并列连词。表示“正在此时”(= and just then, and suddenly)。正是因为它是并列连词,引导的句子是个并列分句,所以when后面的句子不得提前。又如:
He was opening a bottle of acid when he spilt some on his hands.
I was wandering on the pavement when I found a wallet suddenly.
Tom was reading a newspaper in his study when his sister came in.
以上4句,可以转换为含有when的主从复合句:
When I was riding my bike very fast round that corner, I hit a stone and came to grief over there.
When he was opening a bottle of acid, he spilt some on his hands.
When I was wandering on the pavement, I found a wallet suddenly.
When Tom was reading a newspaper in his study, his sister came in.
以上4句,when是从属连词,引导时间状语从句,可以和主句交换位置。如:
I hit a stone and came to grief over there when I was riding my bike very fast round that corner.
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